CHAPTER 20

Question 1

the _____ is the region of the body between the head and the thorax

Answer 1

neck

Question 2

bones

• the neck has _____ bones
• it has _____ cervical vertebrae
• CV1 atlas
• CV2 axis
• CV3-6
• CV7 vertebra prominens
• the eighth bone is the _____
• -this bone lies in the _____ portion of the neck between the _____ and the _____
• -it is a _____ shaped bone with an opening _____
• -anteriorly, it presents a _____
• –projecting from the body posteriorly are the larger _____ and the smaller _____
• -it does not articulate with any other _____, but it is _____ by the attaching _____

Answer 2

8
7
hyoid bone
anterior
mandible
neck
U shaped
posteriorly
body
greater horns
lesser horns
bone
suspended
muscles

Question 3

cartilages

• _____ (voice box)
• -a cartilaginous organ located at the upper end of the trachea
• _____ (windpipe)
• -a cartilaginous pipe that extends from the larynx above inferiorly through the neck into the thorax

Answer 3

larynx

trachea

Question 4

glands

• _____
• -endocrine gland located on either side of the trachea just below the _____
• -it consists of _____ lobes connected across the trachea by the _____
• _____
• -two to four endocrine glands are located on the posterior surface of the thyroid gland
• -the thyroid and parathyroid glands are both supplies by the _____ and _____

Answer 4

thyroid gland
larynx
2
isthmus
parathyroid gland 
superior 
inferior thyroid arteries

Question 5

muscles of the neck

name the 6

Answer 5

platysma (subcutaneous muscle)
sternocleidomastoid
infrahyoid muscles
suprahyoid muscles 
scalene muscles 
prevertebral muscles

Question 6

name the suprahyoid muscles (4)

Answer 6

digastric
stylohyoid
mylohyoid
geniohyoid

Question 7

relationships to the scalene anterior

• anterior to the scalene anterior:
• -_____, _____, _____, _____, _____
• posterior to the scalene anterior:
• -_____, _____

Answer 7

phrenic nerve, common carotid artery and internal common carotid artery, internal jugular vein, subclavian vein, vagus nerve

subclavian artery, brachial plexus

Question 8

scalene triangle

Answer 8

scalene anterior (anterior boundary)
scalene medius (posterior)
first rib (inferior)

Question 9

prevertebral muscles

Answer 9

longus capitis
longus cervicis (colli)

Question 10

nerves of the neck

• cervical plexus:
• -the cervical plexus is a _____ plexus formed by the _____ of _____
• -the plexus is arranged as an irregular series of _____ from which the branches of the plexus arise
• -the branches of the plexus supply the _____ and _____ muscles; in addition, two named branches are given off:

1. the phrenic nerve
   - arises from _____
   - courses through the neck _____ to the _____
   - courses through the thorax _____ to the _____
   - innervates one muscle, the _____
2. the ansa cervicalis
   - loop of _____ that lies anterior to the _____
   - posses two roots: the _____ connects with the _____. it is derived from _____. the _____ is derived from _____ and _____
   - supplies all _____ except the _____

-the \_\_\_\_\_ branches of the cervical plexus provide \_\_\_\_\_ supply to the \_\_\_\_\_ region and \_\_\_\_\_
they include the following:
-\_\_\_\_\_ (\_\_\_\_\_)
-\_\_\_\_\_ (\_\_\_\_\_)
-\_\_\_\_\_ (\_\_\_\_\_)
-\_\_\_\_\_ (\_\_\_\_\_)

• CN X, Vagus nerve
• -the vagus nerve is cranial nerve X
• -it arises from the brain and courses through a foramen I the skull
• -it courses through the neck in the _____
• -it courses through the thorax _____ to the _____
• -it courses through the _____ of the _____ and enters the abdomen, where it supplies _____
• sympathetic trunk
• -it is a part of the _____
• -it is located in the neck _____ to the _____

Answer 10

spinal nerve
ventral rami
C1 to C4
loops
scalene 
prevertebral 
ventral ramus C4 (C3, C5)
anterior 
scalene anterior 
anterior
root of the lung
diaphragm
nervous tissue
carotid sheath
superior root
hypoglossal nerve
C1
inferior root
C2 and C3
infrahyoid muscles 
thyrohyoid 
superficial
cutaneous
neck
superior chest
lesser occipital (C2, C3)
greater auricular (C2, C3)
transverse cervical (C2, C3)
supraclavicular (C3, C4)
carotid sheath
posterior 
root of the lung
esophageal opening
diaphragm
abdominal organs
autonomic nervous system 
posterior 
carotid sheath

Question 11

vessels of the neck
the vessels of the neck include the following:
(4)

the arch of the aorta has three main branches:

the brachiocephalic trunk divides into the following:
(3)

in general, the subclavian arteries supply the _____, and the carotid arteries supply the _____ and _____

Answer 11

common carotid arteries and their branches
subclavian arteries and their branches
subclavian veins
jugular veins

brachiocephalic trunk
left common carotid artery
left subclavian artery

right subclavian artery
right common carotid artery 
upper limbs
head
neck

Question 12

common carotid arteries

• the right common carotid artery arises from the _____
• the left common carotid artery arises from the _____
• each ascends through the neck in its respective _____
• each common carotid artery terminates at the upper border of the respective side of the _____ by dividing into its terminal branches
• internal carotid artery
• -each artery ascends within its respective _____
• -each artery enters the _____ through the _____ to supply the brain
• -it _____ give off any branches in the neck
• external carotid artery
• -each ascends toward its respective _____
• -each artery gives off _____ named branches that supply all the structures of the _____ on its respective side
• -the first branch is the _____

Answer 12

brachiocephalic trunk
arch of the aorta
carotid sheath
thyroid cartilage 
carotid sheath
cranial cavity
carotid canal
does not
ear
8
neck
superior thyroid artery

Question 13

subclavian arteries

• the right subclavian artery arises as a branch of the _____
• the left subclavian artery arises as a branch of the _____
• each subclavian artery courses through the _____ on its respective side _____ to the _____ muscle
• each subclavian artery courses over the _____ on its respective side, and at the lateral border of the first rib its name changes to the _____
• each subclavian artery has branches, one of which is the _____
• -each vertebral artery ascends though its respective foramina in the transverse processes of the cervical vertebrae. it enters the cranial cavity through the _____, and joints with the vertebral artery of the opposite side to form the _____. this artery supplies the _____ and is part of the _____

Answer 13

brachiocephalic trunk
arch of the aorta 
neck
posterior
scalene anterior
first rib
axillary artery
vertebral artery
foramen magnum
basilar artery
brain
circle of willis

Question 14

subclavian veins

• each subclavian vein arises as a continuation of its respective _____ at the _____ border of the _____
• each subclavian vein courses through its respective side of the neck _____ to the _____; the muscle separates it from its respective _____
• each subclavian vein terminates by joining with its respective _____ to form the _____

Answer 14

axillary vein
lateral
first rib
anterior 
scalene anterior muscle 
subclavian artery
internal jugular vein
brachiocephalic vein

Question 15

external jugular veins

• each external jugular vein arises from its respective side from veins draining the _____ and _____
• each external jugular vein courses superficially on its respective side across the _____ muscle
• each external jugular vein terminates by joining its respective _____

Answer 15

scalp
face
sternocleidomastoid
subclavian vein

Question 16

internal jugular vein

• each internal jugular vein arises as a continuation of the _____ that drain the _____
• each internal jugular vein courses through the neck within its respective _____
• each internal jugular vein terminates by joining its respective _____ to form the _____

Answer 16

dural sinuses
brain
carotid sheath
subclavian vein
brachiocephalic vein

Question 17

fascia of the neck
-carotid sheath
–the carotid sheath is a _____ of _____ on each side of the neck that surrounds these three structures:
(3)

Answer 17

condensation
fascia
common carotid artery or internal carotid artery
internal jugular vein
CN X, vagus nerve