Chapter 23

Question 1

a form of socialism which advocated for the violent overthrow of existing governments with the goal of changing society and ultimately perfecting mankind; in practice, it always results in a totalitarian dictatorship that dominates everything by force and terror ; give its foundational idea

Answer 1

communism

there are not absolutes and the only reality is matter in motion

Question 2

another name given to communism after Marx and Lenin

Answer 2

marxism-leninism

Question 3

the man who formulated commmunsims basic ideas

the first to put communism into practice on a world scale

Answer 3

marx
lenin

Question 4

who organized marx’s ideas into a pseudo science format

Answer 4

f. engles

Question 5

how did Karl marx view history

Answer 5

a record of class struggles - between the poor and the wealthy; he blamed the ownership of private property

Question 6

Marks adaption of Hegel’s dialectical reasoning; states that nothing but the material world exists in that material conditions alone, determine how a person thinks and acts and feels and believes

Answer 6

Dialectical materialism

Question 7

What did Mark say was the greatest forest in history and what did he violently oppose?

Answer 7

Economics instead of religion

Capitalism

Question 8

Middle class
Working class

Answer 8

Bourgeoises
Proletariat

Question 9

What type of government is known by the phrase quote from each according to his ability to each according to his need”

Answer 9

Socialism

Question 10

What is communism described as?

Answer 10

The stateless classless perfect condition beyond socialism after the state “withering away”. Obviously not true.

Question 11

What did Marx call religion and why?

Answer 11

The opiate of the people because he believed that religion was a “drug” that made people content with less in this life because they expect happiness only in the next

Question 12

Who met marx in Paris 1843 and shared many of his views because he was a spoiled kid; what did the secular humanism embrace by these two become?

Answer 12

Frederich Engels

The foundation of communist ideology

Question 13

A pamphlet that laid out a program for the commie revolution in 1848; give eight steps included for a successful revolution

Answer 13

1. Evolution of private property and inheritance rights
   2.redistribution of wealth by heavy progressive income taxes
   3.central state bank to control all credit and manipulate the nation currency
   4.government control of all means of communication and transportation
2. Government ownership of all means of production and natural resources
3. Evolution of unemployment through social welfare programs.
4. Redistribution of the population.
5. mandatory sponsored and supported education.

Question 14

marx helped organize this trade union with representatives from all over Europe that failed two years later

Answer 14

First international

Question 15

capital of Ukraine where a tribe of eastern slavs settled

Answer 15

kiev

Question 16

Published in 1867 by Marx an offer offered a theoretical foundation for the communist ideology

Answer 16

das kapital

Question 17

name of the viking tribe who invaded the Kiev region; what did this region become known as

Answer 17

rus
land of the rus = Russia

Question 18

this city rose to prominence when the mongols ruled Russia from 1204-1490

Answer 18

Moscow

Question 19

Also known as Ivan the great; he drove out the Mongols and became the first true national leader of United Russia

Answer 19

Ivan III

Question 20

Also known as Ivan the fourth; past laws, tying peasant, farmers to the land and created feudalism in Russia

Answer 20

Ivan the Terrible

Question 21

He began the 300 year Romanov dynasty in Russia and expanded the territory to Siberia

Answer 21

Michael Romanov

Question 22

The greatest and most capable of the Romanov czars; he called himself emperor and czar; list one of his accomplishments

Answer 22

Peter the Great
He built Saint Petersburg, which became the new capital and was “the window to the west”

Question 23

The Russian Empress, who embraced western ideas, especially Voltares and lacked spiritual discernment

Answer 23

Catherine the great

Question 24

Give two events that happened during Nicholas I’s reign

Answer 24

1. The Decemberist revolt ; a revolution of 1825 that resulted in Nicholas I setting up a huge bureaucracy and a secret police force to control many aspects of Russian life
2. Crimean war: a failure for Russia – she lost land and prestige.

Question 25

This leader of Russia successfully led them in a Victoria struggle with Napoleon in the early 19th century; he also promoted Russian colonization in North America, especially in the oregon and Alaska territories

Answer 25

Alexander I

Question 26

"Czar liberator"; he freed the serves and was later assassinated by radical revolutionaries

Answer 26

Alexander I I

Question 27

He was determined to crush all opposition to the throne and instilled pogroms on Jews because he blamed them for his father's assassination

Answer 27

Alexander III

Question 28

Periodic organized massacres

Answer 28

pogroms

Question 29

This ruler of Russia lived in splendor and claimed he had the right to rule as he placed; he proved to be a Greek ruler who should little character strength when serious political problems are wrote; what did most Russians think about him and why?

Answer 29

Nicholas, II Most literate Russians hated him because they saw what other countries were doing through reading - while others were going towards democratic representatives, Russia was stuck in her bureaucracy

Question 30

A brief conflict over control of Manchuria where Nicholas I I lost much prestige

Answer 30

Russo Japanese war

Question 31

When a priest led a large crowd to the Russian rulers palace on January 22nd 1905 to present a petition of grievance; several hundred people were killed when the troops fired on the crowd; this also occurred during Nicholas I I's reign

Answer 31

"Bloody Sunday"

Question 32

An elected legislative body with limited power in Russia; this was granted by Nicholas AI to help ease the threat of an outright revolution after "bloody Sunday"

Answer 32

Duma

Question 33

This was set up by the Duma to restore law in order and resembles a western representative democracy; give who this was led by and mistakes made by the provisional government

Answer 33

Alexander Kerensky - leader of Russia's labor party 1. They stayed involved in World War I. 2. They had no firm authority or central direction. 3. They freed all political prisoners and exiles from the previous rain which allowed communist to come in.

Question 34

The most dangerous communist revolutionary in Russia

Answer 34

Vladimir Lenin

Question 35

Describe the split in the communist party

Answer 35

1. Mensheviks - "minority" wanted a broad party membership that included socialist and liberal Democrats and advocated more peaceful methods for social change. 2. Bolsheviks - "majority" they advocated for violence and followed Lenin's theory of a party restricted to professional revolutionaries.

Question 35

Lenin's chief henchman, who became a professional revolutionary as a youth after renouncing his Jewish faith

Answer 35

Leon Trotsky

Question 36

Council of workers, soldiers, and peasants planted by the bolsheviks in Russia

Answer 36

Soviets

Question 37

bolshevik military force created by Lenin and his followers stir up trouble and spread anti-war propaganda

Answer 37

Red guards

Question 38

Successful successfully top of the provisional government and made Lenin Russia's new ruler

Answer 38

Bolshevik revolution of 1917

Question 39

The first communist state in history

Answer 39

Russia

Question 40

What was supposedly the solution to Lenin's problem of the Russians, not electing bolshevik's given to him by karl Marx's writing

Answer 40

"Revolutionary terror"

Question 41

Russians, who opposed communists Russians, who favorite communists

Answer 41

White Russians Red Russians

Question 42

A secret police organization to bring the Russian people under communism's control by arrest, torture, imprisonment, and death

Answer 42

Cheka

Question 43

Formed by Trotsky to combat white Russians

Answer 43

Red army

Question 43

The ruling elite of the communist party under Lenin's leadership

Answer 43

Central committee

Question 44

What were the communist views on the family unit and human life?

Answer 44

They decided to destroy the family unit through propaganda in public schools at a very young age Human life had no value

Question 45

A terrorist organization by Lenin in 1919 whose goal was to insight, communist, revolution, and established a worldwide communist state

Answer 45

Third international

Question 46

An economic policy from 1918 to 1920 in an attempt attempts to centralize all of Russia's economy and assets under the control of the communist party; what did this lead to?

Answer 46

"War communism"; led to Mass starvation

Question 47

A form of state capitalism as a "temporary retreat" from communism to allow the Russian economy to recover from "war communism"

Answer 47

New economic policy

Question 48

Also known as the USSR/the Soviet Union; this was formed in December 1922 by Lenin to bring all non-Russian nationalities under one centralized communist regime

Answer 48

Union of Soviet socialist republic

Question 49

Who are the two men in a power struggle after Lenin died?

Answer 49

Joseph Stalin and Leon Trotsky; Stalin proved to be one of the most brutal rulers of all time

Question 50

Stalin's replacement of the NEP; the goal was to transform the Soviet Union from a backward agrarian country to an industrial and military superpower; this made the entire Russian economy to be run by an elite group of communist leaders, who originally imposed their well upon Russians

Answer 50

Five-year plan

Question 51

What did Stalin do to Russias agriculture? How did this affect farmers?

Answer 51

He ordered it to be collectivized – forced a small private farms to bind together into large farms supervised by an appointed manager This maid farmer serfs again

Question 52

Were the famine struck artist after collectivized farms were put into play; this was ironically, one of the most productive agricultural regions in the world; what was Stalin doing with this?

Answer 52

Ukraine He was making a deliberate attempt at genocide because the Ukrainians opposed the communist regime

Question 53

The reign of terror by stallion in the 1930s that rooted out anyone who posed even in the slightest threats to his authority; millions were executed or exiled to Siberia – Christians and Jews were his primary targets

Answer 53

Great purge

Question 53

How many total men, women and children died in Stalin's famine and Lenin's "communism"

Answer 53

17 million

Question 54

Who documented the great purge and in what book

Answer 54

The Gulag archipelago by Aleksander Solzhenitsyn

Question 55

Why must communism kill?

Answer 55

The liquidation of the bourgeoisie is an essential step on the path to communism