World History 10 > Chapter 8 : Rome > Flashcards

Chapter 8 : Rome Flashcards

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1
Q

what group of people settled by the tiber river on the plain of Latium

A

latins

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2
Q

the four other groups of people that settled in Italy - provide a brief description and who had the strongest influence on roman society

A
  1. itali 0 1500 to 1000 b.c. they moved here; indoors-euro people who are the ancestors of the romans
  2. Etruscans - seafaring people from Asia Minor; came around 800 b.c.; introduced greek culture
  3. greeks - 700s b.c.; magna graecia; STRONGLY INFLUENCE ROMAN SOCIETY AND CULTURE
  4. guals - wild Celtic barbarians from w Europe; last to enter Italy; northern po river valley
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3
Q

traditional date for the founding of Rome

A

753 b.c.

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4
Q

common meeting place int he middle of 7 hills along the tiber river banks

A

forum

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5
Q

“greater Greece” in southern Italy and Sicily

A

Magna Graecia

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6
Q

city founded in 814 b.c.; phonencian colony and trading post in N Africa; ROMES GREATEST RIVAL IN THE WESTERN MEDITERRANEAN

A

Carthage

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7
Q

three roman ideals children were taught; who was the head of the roman household

A
  1. piety
  2. gravity
    3.dignity

father is the head of the household

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8
Q

most famous roman temple located in Rome and dedicated to their numerous gods; how were the roman and greek gods similar

A

pantheon

their gods were similar because they were merely glorified, immortal humans

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9
Q

educated Greek slave roman parents used for the discipline and education of their sons

A

pedagogue

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10
Q

2 classes of roman society, a brief description, and who established this system

A

est. by the Etruscans
1. patricians - upper class, insiders to roman culture and society

  1. plebeians - lower class, outsiders to roman culture and society
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11
Q

brief description of roman education

A

very similar to greeks!

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12
Q

represented the city’s patriarch families and was all adult male patricians; could also make laws, declare wars, and conclude peace

A

the assembly

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13
Q

a body of 100 patrician senators who advised the king in his decisions

A

senate

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14
Q

replaced the assembly and represented the 193 centuries

A

assembly of centuries

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15
Q

military units of 100 men each to which each roman belonged as a citizen solider

A

centuries

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16
Q

when did the nobles lead a revolt of both patricians and plebeians against the last Etruscan king - this resulted int he establishment of _______

A

the roman republic in 509 b.c.

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17
Q

a representative form of civil government in which political power is vested in the electorate

A

republic

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18
Q

all citizens eligible to vote

A

electorate

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19
Q

two equal chief executives who divided the authority of a king so that one man would not be too powerful; Rome

A

consuls

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20
Q

means “I forbid” in latin

A

veto

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21
Q

an official plebeian assembly that was the result of the plebeians refusing to serve in the roman army until their demands were met

A

concilium plebis

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22
Q

a new political office that also was the result of plebeian demands; was for the plebeian representation; had the power to block any action that might hurt the plebes

A

the tribune

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23
Q

when the previously unwritten laws of Rome became written - the patricians were forced by the plebes to do this

A

the twelve tables

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24
Q

what were Romes two greatest contributions to western civilization and the foundations for western political theory and practice

A
  1. Romes republican form o f limited, representative government
  2. reverence for the rule of law
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25
roman military units of 3000-5000 foot soldiers and calvary
legions
26
wars of romans v Carthaginians; 264 to 146 b.c.
punic wars
26
who was the famed Carthaginian general and what battle did he thoroughly defeat the romans at
Hannibal ; battle of cannae in 216
27
first punic war - a brief description and dates
roman victory - added W Sicily, Sardinia, and corsica to Roman Empire; 264 - 241 b.c.
28
roman general who was sent to North Africa and defeated Carthage at this battle ______; led to the roman victory of the second punic war
scipio at the battle of mzama
29
in which year were the romans the masters of the mediterranean world
the third unit war 149 - 146 b.c.
30
how didi Rome get involved int he third punic war and what was the outcome
their ally Numidia attacked Carthage; decisive roman victory and Carthage was burned 17 days and sown with salt
31
how did roman society change following the conquests
moral decline and majority impoverished; a few wealthy men prospering
32
POWs, slavesm or criminals forced to fight in public shows
gladiators
33
who led each side of Romes first vicil war and what was the outcome
marius (champion of the masses) vs. Sulla (champion of the senate) ; eventual Sulla victory though he died soon after
34
what were some of the achievements of caesar
Julian calendar - 365 1/4 days; modern calendar based off of this; much needed reforms to roman government; reduced debts and provided employment
35
the members of the first triumvirate; how they fell into civil war and the outcome
Crassus, Pompey, Caesar; Pompey grew jealous of caesar and joined his opponents, caesar disobeyed the government and crossed the rubicon river leading to a civil war of Pompey v Caesar; caesar was victorious and became leader of Rome as a dictator and then a consul
36
how and when did Caesar die
march 15, 44 b.c. - stabbed to death by a group of senators who wanted to restore the old republic
37
who formed the second triumvirate and what was the outcome of the civil war fought among them
mark Antony (caesars friend and former consul), Octavian (Caesar's grandnephew and adopted son/heir), and Lepidus (roman general); Octavian defeated Antony's fleet at Actium and became the undisputed master of Rome
38
river forming the border between Italy and gaul that Caesar crossed and initiated civil war
rubicon river
39
two brothers who attempted reforms but both ended up dead because of nobles rioting or senators and wealthy landowners murdering
Tiberius and Gaius Gracchus
40
the last ruler of the ptolemaic dynasty
Cleopatra
41
republican Rome's greatest orator and statesman who was killed by the second triumvirate because he was an 'enemy' of caesar
Cicero
42
the battle at which Antony was defeated by Octavian; one of the most decisive battles in history
battle of Actium
43
some of the titles Octavian was known as to show his authority
princeps, caesar, imperator, pontiff maximus, augustus KNOWN AS CAESAR AUGUSTUS IN NT
44
what great event happened during caesar Augustus's long reign
Jesus Christ was born in Bethlehem around 4 b.c.
45
who were the Claudia emperors
series of empowered who ruled after Caesar augustus died; Tiberius, caligula, Claudius, Nero
46
ruled the Roman Empire during the earth ministry of Christ and His death, resurrection, and ascension around a d 30
Tiberius
47
began the first great outbreak of persecution agains the NT church because he blamed them for Rome being burned in a disastrous fire
nero
48
name the Flavian emperors. which one captured Jerusalem in ad 70 and which renewed the persecution of the christians
Vespasian and his sons Titus (destroyed Temple and captured Jerusalem in a.d.70) and Domitian (renewed the persecutions of the christians)
49
which volcano erupted and buried the roman cities Herculaneum, Pompeii, and stabiae at the beginning of Titus's reign
mt. Vesuvius
50
name the five good emperors and why they were called this; also describe why they were not morally good
nerva, trajan, hadrian, antonius pius, marcus aurelius - empire attained highest prosperity and power; all but Nerva savagely persecuted the christians
51
which of the good empoerers was a stoic philosopher who wrote meditations
Marcus Aurelius
52
which of the five good emperors built this wall - which was a stone wall in northern meridian to protect agains picts and Scots raids
hadrian - Hadrians wall
53
what was the state of the Roman Empire between the reigns of Marcus aurelius and Diocletian - in what ways did the empire decline
ruled by a series of barracks empoerers - rival generals who were placed upon the throne for a time by warring armies; barbarian invasions and attacking countries
54
how did Diocletian attempt to reform the empire? how did he deal with the christians?
he split the empire into east and west, and split those into 4 prefectures, and split those into diocese, and split those into provinces; stringent wage and price controls persecuted the christians the most savagely out of all the emperors from 303 until his death in 311
55
the augustus of the western division of the Roman Empire when Diocletian was the Augustus in the eastern division
maximian
56
what emperor legalized christianity in ad 313? what capital city did he found and what are the several names for it
Constantine I ; founded Byzantium in the eastern Roman Empire - later called Constantinople and now known as Istanbul in turkey
57
what did Constantine issue in ad 313 to make Christianity legal and have equal rights for all religions
the edict of Milan
58
what did Constantine summon in 325 with the Christian leaders of that time to create institutional unity in the church
council of Nicaea
59
in what year was the Roman Empire divided permanently and who did it
395 by Theodosius I
60
1. barbarian tribe that sacked Rome in 410 2. tribe that invaded north africa 3. tribes that invaded Britain 4. what tribe came from Central Asia
1. Visigoths 2. vandals 3. anglos, saxons, jutes 4. huns
60
what is the eastern Roman Empire also known as and what was its flourishing center
Byzantium empire - center was byznantium (later Constantinople)
61
lead the Visigoths in 410 when they sacked Rome
Alaric
62
where the Visigoths administered one of the worst defeats to a roman army ever
Adrianople
63
led the huns as they crossed the thin river in 451 and destroyed everything in their path
attila
64
in what year did the western Roman Empire end
476
65
who was the last roman emperor and who removed him from the throne
Romulus Augustulus was removed by germanic chieftain Odoacer
66
Romes greatest contributions to civilization
latin language, roman law, republican government
67
what terms describe the everyday, common form of latin? what group of modern languages came out of this version?
vernacular/vulgar latin founded the romance languages - French, Italian, Portuguese, Romanian, Spanish
68
the dates of the golden age of latin literature
106 b.c. - a.d. 14
69
who was the greatest poet of the golden age? The two other important poets from this age?
1. virgil - greatest poet of the golden age; wrote the epic poem Aeneid Horace - Rome leading poet after Virgil's death; known especially for his lyric Odes Ovid - wrote metamorphoses which transmitted classical greco roman mythology to modern world
70
Virgil's epic poem describes the legendary events leading to the founding of Rome
Aeneid
71
the historian that portrayed the lives of the 12 roman rulers from Julius Caesar to Domitian; includes Jesus Christ in his writings
Suetonius
72
for what work is the greek biographer putsch best known
parallel lives - a collection of 16 biographies arranged in groups of 2 where a greek orator/statesman/warrior is pared with a roman of similar occupation
73
the three chief principles of roman law that have influenced modern legal systems
1. single sovereignty - the notion that all law derives from a single central source 2. universality - all men share a common human nature 3. equity - the principle that laws should never be sufficiently flexible to fit a large number of particular cases
74
clarified a millennium of roman leal development; enshrines the three chief principles of roman law
justinian code
75
the focal point of all world history
the life, death, and resurrection of Jesus Christ!!
76
classical, literary latin that was spoken and understood by churchmen and scholars all over Western Europe
Medieval Latin
77
master of latin prose who wrote on the commonwealth
cicero
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