1
Q
seas that lie to the east and to the west of the Balkan Peninsula
A
east - black sea and Aegean Sea
west - Ionian Sea
2
Q
nearly divides mainland Greece into two
A
gulf of Corinth
3
Q
two prominent regions of Ancient Greece
A
Attica and Peloponnesus
4
Q
the earliest cultures of Europe that developed on the shores and islands of the Aegean Sea
A
aegean civilization
5
Q
developed the first important European civilization after the flood
A
Minoans
6
Q
the three groups that were chief among the cultures of the aegean civilization
A
Minoans, Mycenaeans, trojans
7
Q
his palace was discovered in this spot in 1900 and finally this culture became known to modern historians
A
king minos at Knossos - the Minoans culture was discovered
7
Q
destroyed Knossos and conquered Crete in 1400 b.c.; named for this city on the greek mainland
A
mycenaeans of Mycenae
8
Q
barbarian invaders overwhelming the mycenaeans 1100-800 b.c.
A
dorians
9
Q
the mycenaeans that fled from the dorians to Asia Minor and Attica
A
ionians
10
Q
greeks of classical times with great contributions to western civilization; fusion of mycenaeans and dorians in the Greek dark ages
A
hellenes
11
Q
the war in which the mycenaeans destroyed the city of troy after a ten year siege; this famous device was used
A
trojan war; trojan horse
12
Q
a blind bard who wrote these two epic poems - great influence on the Greeks
A
homer - illiad and the odyssey
13
Q
the main character of the odyssey who was a brave greek warrior
A
odysseus
14
Q
what best describes the greek religion
A
no help, no hope
15
Q
characteristics of the olympian gods
A
powers of nature, human characteristics
16
Q
chief and father of the gods; known for lightning and thunder
A
zeus
17
Q
differed from the greek gods only because they were mortal
A
heroes
18
Q
invisible greek warrior-hero whose only week spot was his heel
A
achilles
19
Q
tribes and villages joined to form the city - called ________ in greek
A
polis
20
Q
four distinctions of a greek polis and a brief description
A
- acropolis - hilltop fortress providing refuge from attack and the seat of government and religion
- agora - marketplace in the shadows of the acropolis
- gymnasium - physical training and games of skill
- amphitheater - outdoor theater
21
Q
what the greeks called those who did not speak greek; though of them as inferior
A
barbarians
22
Q
held every fourth year in honor of zeus; contests of skill that showed the greek sense of unity
A
Olympic Games
23
Q
what year the greeks started their calendar and why
A
776 b.c. - first year of the Olympic Games
24
period between the olympics
olympiad
25
the new Persian king that crushed the greek revolt against Persian conquerers and demanded the mainland greeks submit
darius I
26
the three greek cities who refused Darius's demands
sparta, Athens, eretria
27
when did the greco-perisan wars begin and end
490-479 b.c.
28
the first battle of the greco-permian wars and a brief description
the battle of marathon - Persian army suffered two defeats at Athens proved that the persons could be defeated and brought great prestige to Athens
29
who was determined to conquer Greece ten years after Marathon
xerxes I - Persian king and Daruis's son
30
a narrow mountain pass in central Greece near the Aegean Sea
Thermopylae
31
the outcome of the battle of Thermopylae
spartan defeat because of a greek traitor
32
Spartan leader who ordered most troops to withdraw from Thermopylae; stayed behind with 300 men who gave their lives trying to hold off the Persians
Leonidas
33
brilliant athenian who tired xerxes unto having a naval battle in the narrow straight between mainland Athens and the salamis island
Themistocles
34
first major naval battle in history
battle of salamis - greek victory
35
when was the rest of the person army defeated in Greece and at what battle
battle of plataea in 479 b.c.
36
why was xerxes defeat in Greece a turning point in world history
limited the persian empire's westward expansion and ensured that greek culture would continue to thrive in the West
37
the first form of government for greek polises
monarchy
38
the two groups that acted as advisors for the greek monarchy
1. council of elders
2. assembly - mass meeting of all the citizens gathering about the king and council to discuss public affairs
39
the differences between an aristocracy and oligarchy
aristocracy - rule by the best; those of noble birth and important religious rule
oligarchy - rule by the few rich (in practice)
40
the cycle of Greek government in the city-states
monarchy -> aristocracy -> oligarchy -> tyranny -> democracy
41
how did democracy work in Ancient Greece
rule by the citizens of the greek city state (no women, slaves, and men born outside of the city state)
42
describe Spartan government and society
strictly regimented military state by 600 b.c.; three social classes ruling class, middle class, slaves; children put through str; must be a strong warrior
43
why did Sparta make no great contributions to history
intellectual stagnation from extensive governmental regimentation of the people
44
sorts chief accomplishment in world history
the Peloponnesian League - alliance with Corinth, megara, and other cities surrounding
45
athenian ruler who was directed to prepare a written code of law; laws were so merciless that every offense was punishable by death
draco
46
the noble of Athens who was elected archon (*cheif) and repealed the harsh laws of draco - he made Athens safer and had more merciful laws
Solon
47
only archons were eligible for this court that repeals laws hurtful to the state, look after public morals, and rebuked those who didn't live to athenian standards
court of Areopagus
48
the first tyrant of Athens; 560 b.c.
Peisistratus
49
emerged as the new champion of the common elope, in 508 b.c.and believed in ostracism
cleisthenes
49
define ostracism and its consequences
a quorum of citizens could vote to banish for 10 years any person believed to be dangerous to the state; led to many of Athens best soldiers and statesmen to be banished because of jealousy - like Themistocles
50
brought the athenian democracy to its fullest measure; undisputed leader of Athens for thirty years; annually elected general out of 10 but was still the undisputed leader
Pericles
51
where the citizens elect a few men who represent them in the government
representative democracy
52
no one is in control
anarchy
53
where the citizens make the big decisions of the government directly themselves, not indirectly through representatives
direct democracy
54
the age of Pericles is also called
the golden age of Greece
55
formed by the athenians because of Persian threat; eventually became an athenian empire with mandatory membership and tributes
delian league
56
war between Sparta and Athens where almost all greeks and Persians became involved and the dates
the Peloponnesian war 431-404 b.c.
57
what was the cause of the Peloponnesian war
Athens was eager to expand her empire and Sparta was threatened by it
58
what was the outcome of the Peloponnesian war
Athens surrendered 404 b.c. due to loss of naval power
59
the consequences of the Peloponnesian war
Sparta reign - short lived, however; Thebes defeated Sparta in 371 b.c. and the greek city states became independent again
60
what Macedonian king conquered Greece and what was his overall plan
Philip II - to conquer all of Persia
61
what organization of greek city states did Philip II found
hellenic league
61
in what year did Alexander the great cross the Hellespont and begin the conquest of the Persian empire? did he conquer it all?
1. 334 b.c.
2. yes
62
what ended the conquests of Alexander
war weary troops refused to march on into India and a bad omen was read
63
how didi Alexander the Great die and when
poison or fever in 327 b.c.
64
what was the extent of alexanders conquests
western Greece to the eastern Indus River valley
65
after what decisive battle was the empire divided among the four generals
the battle of ipsus
66
the three dynasties that came out of alexanders empire and what they ruled
1.ptolemies - Egypt
2. Seleucids - mesopotamia, persia, seria
3. antigonids - macedonia, greece
67
the kingdom on the northern fringes of Greece that claimed greek ancestry and admired hellenic culture
macedonia
68
the famous athenian orator and statesman who urged his fellow greeks to unite against Macedonia
demosthenes
69
Philip II's succesor and son
Alexander the Great
70
what were the 16 cities called that were named after Alexander the Great
Alexandria
71
period of greek history c. 700b.c. - 338 b.c.
Hellenic age
72
describe the education in most ancient greek cities
formal education for boys when they were 7; sometimes went to many schools, main textbooks - Iliad and odyssey and works of other greek poets/ girls taught at home to be efficient household managers
73
one greek historian who embellished facts with fiction and attributed the outcome of events to the whims of the gods
Herodotus, greek father of history
74
define a greek tragedy and the two greatest tragedies and their author
tragedy - comedy where man is often portrayed as a victim of fate and circumstances, devoid of free will
two greatest tragedies - oedipus rex and Antigone - by Sophocles
75
identify some greeks who made major contributions to science, math, and medicine during the hellenic ages and briefly describe achievements
Pythagoras - important mathematical concepts still sued in geometry
Democritus - theory that all matter is composed of individual atoms
hippocrates - father of medicine; concluded that disease results from rationally explainable causes and the Hippocratic oath
76
a high code of ethics still taken by many medical graduates today; Hippocrates is known for this
Hippocratic oath
77
famous comic dramatist who used his plays to satirize political and cultural life in Athens
Aristophanes
78
greatest athenian temple; one of the most beautiful structures in the world
parthenon
79
philosopher who summed up the arrogant, humanistic way of greek thinking and what he said
protagoras, "man is the measure of all things"
80
a well educated slave who was charged with the boys manners and morals
pedagogue
81
legendary greek writer who was a freed slave and introduced fables
Aesop
82
greek term for science
natural philosophy
83
a brief story used to teach a moral - characters usually animals
fables
84
what did the sophists teach and what was socrates response
sophists - relativists ( there were no absolute truths
socrates was dissatisfied with their teachings and began a search for absolutes "what si the best way to live?"
85
ultimate foundational truths
absolutes
86
how did the athenians respond to socrates teachings
he was executed by the athenians for denying the existence of the gods and corrupting the young men of the city
87
time period of 323 b.c. - 30 b.c? describe the spread of greek culture during this time and how it has affected western civilization
Hellenistic age - diffusion of greek culture into alexanders empire through a common currency system and therefore common business; western civilization is greco-roman culture with judeo-christian religion and morality
88
briefly describe the philosophical teachings of stoicism and epicureanism and their founders
Zeno - founded stoicism - believed that man should live according to reason, the law of nature, seek to do lasting food, honor all men as brothers, remain indifferent to life's pleasures and pains
Epicurus - founded epicureanism - the highest good of man was to live a life of calm pleasure regulated by morality ect. - in practice the epicureans emphasized indulgence of the physical pleasures of life
89
name some greeks with significant attributions to astronomy, math, and geography during the hellenistic age
Aristarchus of Samos - astronomer who proposed that the earth revolves around the sun
Euclid - systemized theorems of plane geometry
Hipparchus - greatest astronomical observer of antiquity - formulated the basic principles of geometry
archimedes - contributions to math, engineering, physics
Eratosthenes of Cyrene - calculated the circumference of the earth
Strabo - greek geographer and historian who described all the parts of the known world at the beginning of the christian era
90
most significant development of the hellenistic age and how it helped in spreading the gospel across the mediterranean world
the spread of koine greek (common greek) across the known world; the hew testament was written in koine greek which enabled the masses to hear the saving gospel of Christ
91
what two modern alphabets were derived from greek
Cyrillic alphabet - slavic languages
latin/roman alphabet - writing of the western world
92
one of socrates students who wrote thirty or more works of philosophy; attempted to find absolutes on which man could base his life
plato
93
plato's most famous work and a brief description
the republic - attempted to find an explanation for the obvious order, design, and purpose in the universe
94
plato's student who concluded that the order of the known universe must have come from God ( he didn't have a correct under standing of Gods nature)
Aristotle
World History 10
flashcards
Decks in class (25)
# Cards
-
Chapter 1 - Foundations for Studying History18
-
Chapter 2: Sumer40
-
Chapter 3 : The Middle East62
-
Chapter 4: Other Asian Cultures68
-
Chapter 5: Egypt44
-
Chapter 6: Other African Cultures44
-
Chapter 7: Greece97
-
Chapter 8 : Rome79
-
Chapter 9 : Early Church History48
-
Chapter 10: the Byzantine Empire32
-
Chapter 11: The Dark Ages95
-
Chapter 12: Medieval Culture91
-
Chapter 13: the Rise Of The Modern Ages141
-
Chapter 14 - The Protestant Reformation43
-
Chapter 15 - Post Reformation Europe74
-
Chapter 16 - Post Reformation SC and Culture50
-
Chapter 17 - France : the Road to Revolution71
-
Chapter 18 - England and America: Quest for Freedom59
-
Chapter 1951
-
Chapter 2083
-
Chapter 2147
-
Chapter 2254
-
Chapter 2358
-
Chapter 2453
-
Chapter 2518
