cvs patho

Question 1

strok volum affected by?

Answer 1

increas by contractility

increas by preload

decreas afterload
edv-esv

Question 2

bp muserment?

Answer 2

co*tpr

يعني بتاثر بالco وال tpr

Question 3

co muserment ?

Answer 3

sv *hr

Question 4

puls puresser

Answer 4

الضغطه قدايش زادت الضغط يعني لما كتن dias كان٦٠ مع الsystol صار ١٢٠

sbp -di bp=pp

Question 5

primary causes for shock- in FA ?

Answer 5

الاغلب انو الضغط نازل
1-hypovolmic shock = decreas pcwp مابوصل دم ياخذ اكسجين لانو مافي اصلا ف بنخنق وبدخل بشوك
2-obstractive shock= decreas co
(temponade)الدم مابطلع من البطين
الدم مابوصل للبطين (pe)

3-cardiogenic shock = decreasing co الدم مابطلع من البطين الايسر
4-disterbutive- diameter of bv= decreas SVR

Question 6

main cause of shock ?

Answer 6

hypovolmic - bleeding = decreasing cvp + preload

cardiogenic= no blood pump

obsitractve

disterbutive= bv diameter

Question 7

aortic stenosis murmur ?

Answer 7

creshendo decreshendo murmur

ejection systolic murmur

base of heart

ضربه=هوش=ضربه

Question 8

APTM refers to valve area?

Answer 8

right upper = aortic

left upper = pulmonary

left mid lower = tricusped

left lower=mitral

Question 9

murmur increse intensity vs decreas intensity ? manouver

Answer 9

increase preload (squatting+passive leg rise)= increas blood volum in LV =increasing most murmur + decreasing mvp بنقص بنخنق من كثر الدم هو الhcm

decreasing preload (standing+valsava)=increas mvp + hcm= the rest of murmur decreasing due to decreas blood

increasing afterload(hand grip) =صعب يطلع الدم من الlv = increasing LV regagtaion murmur =increas AR,MR,VSD

vens return to right and decreas to left((inspiration))=most right heart murmur increas= most left decreas

Question 10

mitral+tricusped regargetaiin murmur ?

Answer 10

holosystolic high pitched blowing murmur
mr= apex area
tr= tr area
هووش +ضربه
بخفي s1 لانو كبير

Question 11

Ventricular septal defect

Answer 11

Holosystolic, harsh-sounding murmur
tricuspid area
هوشش ضربه بخفي s1 لانو كبير

Question 12

mitral prolapse murmur

Answer 12

mp= بعمل mc

Late crescendo murmur with midsystolic click (MC)
occurs after carotid pulse Best heard over apex
Loudest just before S2

Question 13

vsd murmur ?

Answer 13

Holosystolic
harsh-sounding murmur
Loudest at tricuspid area
هوششش +ضربه
كبير غطى على الs1

Question 14

مصطلحات الmurmur

Answer 14

snap طقطقة باب قديم كبير
prolapse =click لحسه بلحسها لفوق من الضغط
blowing high pitch=الدم برجع رجوع بطلع صوت بلوووو aortic or mitral regurg
cccresendo-decre=sssystolic aortic murmur
dddecreshindo=dddiastoilc aortic murmur
-ejection=من اسمه ضغط aortic stenosis
-creshindo= mitral prolaps

-holosystole-conginetal dfect= big defects mitral prolapse +vsd

اسماء غريبه بعملها الmitral لاتو كبير:
-in systol بعملmitral prolapse= midsyastolic click =طرف الصمام مع انضغاط القلب بتطلع لفوق

-in diastole بعملmitral stenosis=opening snap بطق وهو بفتح ولانو كبير بطلع الصوت

Question 15

aortic stenosis murmur?

Answer 15

diastolic murmur
at the apex
openig snap

ضربه ضربه هووووش قبل الs1 الميرمير

Question 16

aortic regurtion murmur?

Answer 16

decreshendo murmur
diastolic murmur
high pitched blowing

Question 17

decressindo seen in which type of murmur?

Answer 17

always in diastolic murmur

aortic stenosis=creshindo-decreshindo
aortic regurg= decreshendo

mitral prolapse= creshindo
mitral stenosis=decreshindo

Question 18

ct scan shows right right or the opssit?

Answer 18

معكوسه لانو نايم ع بطنه واحنا بنطلع لفوق للراس
يمين المريض يسارك والعكس صحيح

Question 19

great artery anatom from left to right and most anterior and most post

Answer 19

هذه القيسات اذا كانت الصوره ع مستوى القلب =orgin of great artrey
most anterior and most left of the pt== pulmonary artry from RV رايحه لليسار عشان تبعد عن الvena cava
in middle the pic you see aorta then go left of the body
most posterior and right of the pt is ivc
in the left of the vertb colmuen = decending aorta presents

Question 20

decreas or increasing murmur?

Answer 20

all increas the preload increasing the all murmur excepts=mvp or hcp
والعكس صحيح اذا نقص الpreloads

afterload = increas all left heart murmur خصوصا الي فيهم regargtation منطقييقققققق

inspiration =decresing prusser= increasing preload= increas right side murmur

Question 21

end systol vs end diatol vs strok volum?

Answer 21

end systol=كمية الدم بالبطين بعد انتهاء الانقباض
end diastol=كمية الدم الي بالبطين بعد انتهاء الارتياح
strok volum= كمية الدم الي طالعه من البطين

Question 22

Aortic arch vascular derivatives?1=6

Answer 22

1st arch is maximal.
Second = stapedial.
C is 3rd letter of alphabet.=ccartery
4th arch (4 limbs) = systemic.=left sub clavine + right aortic arch
6th arch = pulmonary and the pulmonary-to-systemic shunt (ductus arteriosus).
ال6شكلها زي الرئه

Question 23

s4 vs s3?

Answer 23

=s4الدم بضرب جدار قلب قاسي= قلب مخنوق= concentric hypertrophic cardiomyopathy + restrcterd cardiomyopathy+acut MI
s3

=s3 الدم كثير بالبطين الايسر او دم بنخض قاعد عشان الحجره كبيره=(((hf+mitral+aortic regargtion=بعملن دم كثير+ thyrotoxisis)))

Question 24

syncope type?

Answer 24

Reflex syncope:
1-vasovagel=Trigger (eg, emotional stress, prolonged standing)
• Prodromé (eg, nausea, sweating, warmth)
2-Situational=with micturition, defecation, swallowing, or coughing
3-Carotid hypersensitivity= Tactile stimulation of carotid sinus while standing
• Advanced age, carotid atherosclerosis

Orthostatic syncope:اشياء الها علاقه بالblood vessels
1-Medications=Vasodilators+Inotropie/chronotropic blockade
2-Hypovolemia
3-Autonomic dysfunction=Advanced age
Predisposing disease (eg, DM, Parkinson)

Cardiac syncope
1-LV outflow obsi
2-Ventricular tachycardia
3- Conduction impairment*

Question 25

barorecebtor respons moa+anatomy low vs high bp?

Answer 25

located in carotied bi fraction+aortic arch both of them only respons to chang in bp. affernt? =supply by glssophrengyal nerve=from medulla to the carotied bi fraction = by vagal= from medulla to the aortic arch =vagaul effernt from medulla as parasympathatic= temporery inhibting av+sa node +slow consaction efferant? =sympathatic =increas sa+ av +cardic muscle + blood vessels =parasympathatic=decreas sa +av