renal pharma

Question 1

type of duriycs + site of action?

Answer 1

mentol = pct
actyalazole amide= pct
loop-frusmide=assending part loop
thizide=dct
k sparing = on CD

Question 2

menatol moa + clical use?

Answer 2

Osmotic diuretic.  serum osmolality Ž fluid shift from interstitium to intravascular space Ž  urine flow,  intracranial/intraocular pressure.
Drug overdose, elevated intracranial/intraocular pressure

Question 3

menatoil SE?

Answer 3

Dehydration, hypo- or hypernatremia, pulmonary edema. Contraindicated in anuria, HF.

Question 4

actyalazoleamide moa + clincal use?

Answer 4

Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor. Causes self-
limited NaHCO 3 diuresis and  decreas total body HCO 3 − stores. Alkalinizes urine.

clincal use=Glaucoma, metabolic alkalosis, altitude sickness (by offsetting respiratory alkalosis), idiopathic intracranial hypertension.

Question 5

loop duritcs moa + clincal use?

Answer 5

Sulfonamide loop diuretics. Inhibit cotransport
system (Na+ /K+ /2Cl− ) of thick ascending limb of loop of Henle. Abolish hypertonicity of medulla, preventing concentration of urine. inhibited by NSAIDs. increasing Ca2+ excretion. Loops lose Ca2+ .

Edematous states (HF, cirrhosis, nephrotic
syndrome, pulmonary edema), hypertension, hypercalcemia

Question 6

Ethacrynic acid moa + clincal use?

Answer 6

loop duritcs that dont contains sulf if the pt has sulfa allergy give him this drug

Nonsulfonamide inhibitor of cotransport system (Na+ /K+ /2Cl− ) of thick ascending limb of loop of Henle.

Question 7

thiazisde moa + clincal uses?

Answer 7

بتوقف امتصاص الملح وبتزيد اخراج الكالسيوم

Inhibit NaCl reabsorption in early DCT Ž decreas diluting capacity of nephronيعني البول مركز. + decreas Ca2+ excretion.

Hypertension, HF, idiopathic hypercalciuria, nephrogenic diabetes insipidus, osteoporosis.عشانه بقلل اخراج الكالسيوم

Question 8

Potassium-sparing diuretics moa + clincal use?

Answer 8

Spironolactone and eplerenone are competitive aldosterone receptor antagonists in cortical collecting tubule. Triamterene and amiloride block Na + channels at the same part of the tubule

Hyperaldosteronism, K + depletion, HF, hepatic ascites (spironolactone), nephrogenic DI (amiloride), antiandrogen (spironolactone).

Question 9

loop SE?

Answer 9

مشترك مع الthiazid انه فيه قروب sulfa وبشتغل ع قناة الelectrolit
na/ k/cl
(((hypocalcimia)))
ototoxic +dehydration+hypomg
بشبه الثيازيد ب:
sulfa allergy + hypokalimia+ alkalosis الحمض بمشي مع البوتاسيوم

Question 10

actyalazolamide SE?

Answer 10

Proximal renal tubular acidosis (type 2 RTA), paresthesias, NH 3 toxicity, sulfa allergy, hypokalemia. Promotes calcium phosphate stone formation (insoluble at high pH).

“Acid”azolamide causes acidosis.

Question 11

thiazide SE?

Answer 11

hyper gluc

(((hypercalcimia)))
التشابه مع الloop:
sulfa allergy
metabolic alkalosis
hypokalimia
بوقف امصتاص الملح nacl
hyponatrimia

hypergluc
hyperglycimia
hyperlipid
hyperuricmia
hypercalcimia

Question 12

k sparin SE?

Answer 12

Hyperkalemia (can lead to arrhythmias),

endocrine effects with spironolactone (eg, gynecomastia, antiandrogen effects), metabolic acidosi

Question 13

Aliskiren moa + clincal use?

Answer 13

Direct renin inhibitor, blocks conversion of angiotensinogen to angiotensin I. Aliskiren kills renin.

Hypertension

Question 14

Aliskiren SE

Answer 14

Hyperkalemia,  GFR, hypotension, angioedema. Relatively contraindicated in patients already taking ACE inhibitors or ARBs and contraindicated in pregnancy.

Question 15

Triamterene and amiloride vs other k+ sparing agents?

Answer 15

block Na + channels at the same part of the tubule.

Spironolactone and eplerenone are competitive
aldosterone receptor antagonists in cortical collecting tubule.