Medical Interpreting > Digestive System > Flashcards

Digestive System Flashcards

(57 cards)

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1
Q

Adhesion

A

Adherencia

The formation of scar tissue between organs and abdominal tissues, which causes them to fuse together.

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2
Q

Anastomosis

A

Anastomosis

Connecting two parts of the intestine, or other tubes or channels, after the removal of a piece of one of the structures.

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3
Q

Aphagia

A

The inability to swallow; also, a refusal to swallow foods or liquids.

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4
Q

Appendectomy

A

Apendectomía*

This is the surgical removal of the appendix, the tube-like structure at the end of the large intestine.

Appendectomy also called appendicectomy.

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5
Q

Appendicitis

A

Apendicitis

Inflammation of the appendix, which is usually accompanied by severe pain.

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6
Q

Ascites

A

Ascitis

Buildup of fluid in the cavity that surrounds the abdominal organs, leading to swelling.

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7
Q

Atresia

A

Atresia

A medical condition where a tubular body part, such as the esophagus or intestine, lacks a normal opening or is unable to allow material to pass through it.

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8
Q

Barium enema

A

Enema de bario*

An X-ray exam of the abdominal cavity after the injection of barium contrast dye into the rectum; used to look for abnormalities in the large intestine.

Also possible: enema opaco.

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9
Q

Bile

A

Bilis

Also known as gall, this is a dark green fluid made by the liver that helps with digestion. It is mostly composed of water, bile salts, bilirubin, and cholesterol.

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10
Q

Bilirubin

A

Bilirrubina

This is a brownish yellow substance that forms during the normal breakdown of red blood cells in the body. This waste product is then carried in the plasma to the liver where it is excreted in the bile.

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11
Q

Cholecystectomy

A

Colecistectomía

A surgical operation to remove the gallbladder, the organ located just under the liver.

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12
Q

Cholelithiasis

A

Colelitiasis

The formation or presence of gallstones, which may block the bile duct and the removal of bile from the system, putting an individual at risk for infection.

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13
Q

Cirrhosis

A

Cirrosis

A condition where healthy liver cells are replaced by scar tissue, impairing the liver’s functionality. Typically, it is the result of hepatitis or chronic alcoholism.

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14
Q

Colon

A

Colon

Commonly known as the large intestine, its primary function is to remove wastes from the body. It is composed of four parts: The ascending, transverse, descending, and sigmoid colon.

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15
Q

Colonoscopy

A

Colonoscopia

A noninvasive procedure involving insertion of a tube into the rectum with a camera at the end of it to look for any abnormalities in the large intestine.

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16
Q

Colostomy

A

Colostomía

A surgical procedure that creates an opening in the abdominal wall to divert a piece of healthy colon to bypass a damaged portion of the colon so that fecal matter does not leak into the bloodstream.

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17
Q

Crohn’s disease

A

Enfermedad de Crohn

This is a form of inflammatory bowel disease marked by digestive tract inflammation, severe abdominal pain, fatigue, diarrhea, malnutrition, and weight loss.

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18
Q

Diverticulosis

A

Diverticulosis

A condition marked by multiple small pouches, or diverticula, in the intestine, without any inflammation.

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19
Q

Diverticulum

A

Divertículo

A pouch or sac that is formed on the wall of the digestive tract at a weak point of tissue.

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20
Q

Duodenum

A

Duodeno

This is the first and shortest part of the small intestine, which receives digested food from the stomach and helps prepare those chemicals for absorption.

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21
Q

Dyspepsia

A

Dispepsia

Another word for indigestion, which is difficult or painful digestion of food or liquid, leading to heartburn, reflux, vomiting, bloating, or gassiness.

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22
Q

Dysphagia

A

Disfagia

Swallowing discomfort or difficulty, usually a symptom of another disease.

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23
Q

Emesis

24
Q

Endoscopy

Study These Flashcards
A

Endoscopía

A procedure to look inside the body or organ using a surgical instrument called an endoscope.

25
Esophagus
Esófago The tube used for swallowing, connecting the throat to the stomach.
26
Esophageal
Esofágico Relating to the esophagus, such as in esophageal cancer or esophageal atresia.
27
Excise
Extraer* To cut out or remove completely, such as excising the gallbladder or a section of the intestine. ## Footnote A common translation is extirpar, but not “extripar” or “estripar.” To avoid mispronunciation and confusion, we can choose the word: extraer. Other acceptable translations could be: sacar o quitar.
28
Gallbladder
Vesícula biliar A pear-shaped hollow organ that receives bile produced by the liver, stores it, and then releases it into the small intestine, where it aids in fat digestion.
29
Gallstones
Cálculos biliares Stones formed by digestive fluids that settle in the gallbladder.
30
Gingivitis
Gingivitis Swelling or inflammation in the gums.
31
Heartburn
Agruras* A symptom of indigestion marked by a burning sensation in the chest, generally caused by regurgitation of acid. ## Footnote Heartburn has nothing to do with the heart but with the stomach. Also correct: acidez estomacal, ardor de estómago, acidez gástrica, dispepsia o pirosis.
32
Hemorrhoid
Hemorroide A swollen sac in the rectum or anus area that results from vein swelling.
33
Hernia
Hernia A condition where an organ or tissue protrudes through a weak spot in the surrounding muscle or connective tissue. It often occurs in the abdomen, causing a visible bulge.
34
Hepatitis
Hepatitis Inflammation of the liver, which comes in many types with various symptoms and causes.
35
IBS
Síndrome de Intestino Irritable This stands for Irritable Bowel Syndrome. It is a chronic condition in the large intestine that causes pain, gas, bloating, diarrhea or constipation, and cramping; there are no changes to the tissues in the digestive tract.
36
Ileum
Íleon This is the third portion of the small intestine, which serves to help absorb vitamin B12, bile salts, and anything else that was not absorbed by the second part of the small intestine, the jejunum.
37
Jejunum
Yeyuno The second or middle part of the small intestine, which serves to absorb most of the nutrients from digested food.
38
Laparoscopy
Laparoscopia A procedure that inserts a small tubular surgical instrument with a camera at the end of it into an incision to view organs and body parts.
39
Paracentesis
Paracentesis* Removal of fluid in the abdomen through a surgical needle puncture. ## Footnote Paracentesis also known as abdominocentesis.
40
Peptic ulcer
Úlcera péptica A break in the tissue lining of the stomach, lower esophagus, or first part of the duodenum.
41
Peritoneal
Peritoneal Pertaining to the peritoneum, a serous membrane that lines the abdominal cavity, covering and cushioning the organs.
42
Polyp
Pólipo A growth from the lining of a mucous membrane; it typically has a stalk.
43
Proctology
Proctología The study of the rectum and anus.
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Reflux
Reflujo This is short for acid reflux, where stomach acids or contents backflow into the esophagus, creating heartburn and pain.
45
Sigmoidoscopy
Sigmoidoscopía A procedure using a flexible tube instrument inserted into the anus to view the lower portion of the large intestine, which is called sigmoid.
46
Sphincter
Esfínter A ring of muscle that serves as a guard for a tube, opening and closing to make sure no foreign material gets into the tube or opening.
47
Steatosis
Esteatosis Fatty liver caused by malnutrition, alcoholism, or drug therapy.
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Strictures
Estrecheces Abnormal narrowing of an opening or body cavity. It may be due to inflammation, scar tissue formation, or cancer.
49
Ulcerative colitis
Colitis ulcerosa This is a type of inflammatory bowel disease marked by chronic ulcers and inflammation in the lining of the lower digestive tract.
50
Upper GI series
Examen gastrointestinal superior* A radiographic study using contrast dye to look for any signs of inflammation or abnormalities in the upper GI tract including the esophagus, stomach, and small intestine. ## Footnote The abbreviation GI refers to gastroenterology, gastrointestinal or gastroenterologist.
51
cholicyst/o
gallbladder
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hepat/o
liver
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gastr/o
stomach
54
-oscopy
exam with lighted instrument
55
-ostomy
an artificial opening into
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pept-
digest
57
dys-
bad, abnormal, difficult
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