Module 6 - Respiratory System

Question 1

ABG test

Answer 1

Gasometría arterial

An arterial blood gas test is a blood test that measures the oxygen and carbon dioxide levels in the blood.

Question 2

Alveoli

Answer 2

Alvéolos

Air sacs in the lungs that resemble little balloons, which contract and expand with inhalation and exhalation.

Question 3

Asthma

Answer 3

Asma

A condition marked by narrowing of the airways due to spasms, leading to difficulty breathing.

Question 4

Asthma triggers

Answer 4

Activadores del asma*

Any substance that brings on an asthmatic reaction with symptoms such as coughing, wheezing, and difficulty breathing.

*Triggers can also be translated as desencadenantes.

Question 5

Bronchioles

Answer 5

Bronquiolos

Once the main bronchi open into the lungs, they divide into smaller vessels and form the bronchial tree with small branches called bronchioles.

Question 6

Bronchitis

Answer 6

Bronquitis

A chronic condition marked by inflammation of the tubes that lead from the trachea to the lungs, causing cough, mucus production, and expectoration of sputum.

Question 7

Bronchospasm

Answer 7

Broncoespasmo

Commonly known as an asthma attack, it is marked by the contraction or spasm of the muscles in the bronchial tubes.

Question 8

Bronchus

Answer 8

Bronquio

A major tube extending from the windpipe supplying oxygen to the lungs.

Question 9

Carbon Dioxide

Answer 9

Dióxido de carbono

CO2 is a waste gas that the blood carries to the lungs, where it is expelled when a person breathes out. Despite being a waste product, CO2 is essential for normal bodily functions.

Question 10

Cilia

Answer 10

Cilios

The small hairs that help move mucus from the nose, sinuses, and throat.

Question 11

Consolidation

Answer 11

Consolidación

A condition in which the normally air-filled lung tissue becomes filled with fluid, pus, blood, cells, or other substances, leading to a solidification of the lung tissue. Often seen in infections like pneumonia.

Question 12

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)

Answer 12

Enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is a condition that limits breathing due to chronic obstruction of the bronchial airways and lungs.

Question 13

Cystic fibrosis

Answer 13

Fibrosis quística

An inherited lung disease resulting in a constant
presence of thick mucus in the lungs and airways due to defective exocrine glands.

Question 14

Deviated septum

Answer 14

Tabique desviado

A condition where the nasal septum, the wall between the nostrils, is displaced to one side, making one nasal passage smaller. This can cause breathing difficulties, nasal congestion, frequent nosebleeds, sinus infections, and snoring or sleep apnea.

Question 15

Dyspnea

Answer 15

Disnea

Painful or difficulty breathing.

Question 16

Emphysema

Answer 16

Enfisema

A disease characterized by destruction of the alveolar walls, leading to those air sacs remaining in an inflated state.

Question 17

Epiglottis

Answer 17

Epiglotis

The cartilage on top of the larynx that closes over the windpipe to avoid food or liquid getting into the airway during swallowing.

Question 18

Expectorant

Answer 18

Expectorante

Pharmaceutical agents that help clear mucus from the airways.

Question 19

Hyperventilation

Answer 19

Hiperventilación

Increased respiratory rate leading to excessive loss of carbon dioxide in the blood.

Question 20

Influenza

Answer 20

Influenza*

A viral infection in the respiratory system that leads to fever, cough, and muscle aches. Usually called the flu.

*Also correct: Gripe.

Question 21

Inhale and Exhale

Answer 21

Inhalar y exhalar

Inhale refers to breathing air into the lungs through the mouth and nose. Exhale refers to breathing out, expelling carbon dioxide from the lungs.

Question 22

Inhaled corticosteroid

Answer 22

Corticosteroide inhalado

Long-term treatment for asthma, which reduces the airway inflammation that causes wheezing and cough.

Question 23

Intubation

Answer 23

Intubación

Insertion of a breathing tube through the nose or
mouth into the trachea to keep the airway open.

Question 24

Laryngopharynx

Answer 24

Laringofaringe

The lower part of the throat behind the larynx that serves as a food and air passageway; it is part of the swallowing reflex.

Question 25

Laryngomalacia

Answer 25

Laringomalacia This is a condition where the soft, immature cartilage of the upper larynx collapses inward during inhalation, causing airway obstruction. It is the most common cause of stridor, a type of noisy breathing, in infants.

Question 26

Larynx

Answer 26

Laringe The voice box, but functions as an air passageway between the pharynx and trachea.

Question 27

Lobectomy

Answer 27

Lobectomía It’s a surgical procedure to remove one of the lobes of the lungs. It is commonly performed to treat lung cancer or severe lung disease. The right lung has 3 lobes, and the left lung has 2 lobes.

Question 28

Nebulizer

Answer 28

Nebulizador A drug delivery machine that uses mist inhalation into the lungs to help a patient breathe.

Question 29

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA)

Answer 29

Apnea obstructiva del sueño Obstructive sleep apnea is a cessation of breathing, especially during sleep.

Question 30

Pharynx

Answer 30

Faringe Commonly known as the throat, It's a muscular tubeshaped structure located behind the nose and mouth, extending downwards to connect with the esophagus and larynx, essential for swallowing, breathing, and speaking.

Question 31

Pleura

Answer 31

Pleura The serous membrane that surrounds and protects the lungs.

Question 32

Pneumococcus

Answer 32

Neumococo The bacteria responsible for acute pneumonia.

Question 33

Pneumoconiosis

Answer 33

Neumoconiosis A lung disease that results from chronic dust inhalation and leads to accumulation of dust in the lungs and airways.

Question 34

Pneumonectomy

Answer 34

Neumonectomía Surgical removal of a whole lung.

Question 35

Pneumonia

Answer 35

Neumonía* Bacterial or viral infection causing inflammation of the lungs. *Also correct: Pulmonía

Question 36

Postural drainage

Answer 36

Drenaje postural This is a technique that utilizes specific sitting or lying positions to drain fluid from the lungs and airways using gravity.

Question 37

Prophylactic

Answer 37

Profiláctico* Preventive; any action or treatment taken before a person gets sick or a disease spread. The noun form is prophylaxis. *Profiláctico is the precise translation; however, preventivo may be a better choice.

Question 38

Pulmonary Embolism

Answer 38

Embolia pulmonar PE is a condition where a blood clot, often originating from the leg or other parts of the body, blocks an artery in the lungs. This causes symptoms like sudden shortness of breath, chest pain, and coughing up blood. It is a medical emergency requiring prompt treatment.

Question 39

Pulmonary Fibrosis

Answer 39

Fibrosis pulmonar Lung scarring that leads to breathing problems.

Question 40

Sinus infection

Answer 40

Infección sinusal* Also called rhinosinusitis, this is an inflammation of the lining in the sinuses located in the face and skull. *Also correct: infección de los senos paranasales. Ojo: when interpreting this term, always add paranasales, as the word senos by itself means women’s breasts.

Question 41

Sinuses

Answer 41

Senos paranasales The cavities that run through bones or tissues, especially in the face, which connect to the nasal cavity.

Question 42

Spirometry

Answer 42

Espirometría A diagnostic study that measures the amount of air going in and out of the lungs.

Question 43

Sputum

Answer 43

Flema* A thick mixture of saliva and mucus coughed up from the lungs, generally as a result of respiratory infection. *The precise translation of sputum is esputo; however, flema, its synonym, sounds better.

Question 44

Tuberculosis (TB)

Answer 44

Tuberculosis* Tuberculosis is a disease caused by bacteria that mainly attack the lungs. *TB is the abbreviation of the bacterium: tubercle bacillus.

Question 45

Thorax

Answer 45

Tórax The entire region of the body between the head and abdomen.

Question 46

Trachea

Answer 46

Tráquea The windpipe where air passes into the lungs.

Question 47

Tracheostomy

Answer 47

Traqueostomía* A surgical incision into the trachea followed by insertion of a tube, which provides access to the lungs in those who need respiratory support. *The medical field often uses tracheotomy and tracheostomy interchangeably; however, tracheotomy is the name of the hole, whereas tracheostomy is referring to the placement of tubes through the hole.

Question 48

Ventilator

Answer 48

Respirador Also called a respirator, this is a device or appliance that connects to tubes which help a patient breathe.

Question 49

Wheezing

Answer 49

Sibilancia A high-pitched whistling noise heard while breathing.

Question 50

Whooping cough

Answer 50

Tos ferina A contagious bacterial infection of the respiratory tract characterized by uncontrollable coughing.

Question 51

pneum/o

Answer 51

lung

Question 52

pnea-

Answer 52

breathe

Question 53

spir/o

Answer 53

breathe

Question 54

thorac/o

Answer 54

chest

Question 55

-itis

Answer 55

inflammation