Medical Interpreting > Module 6 - Urinary System > Flashcards

Module 6 - Urinary System Flashcards

(54 cards)

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1
Q

Anuria

A

Anuria

The inability of the kidneys to make and excrete
urine.

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2
Q

Bladder

A

Vejiga

A sac in the pelvic area, which collects and then
excretes urine.

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3
Q

Calculi

A

Cálculos

Solid stones made of mineral salts that form in the body, especially in kidneys, gallbladder, and bladder.

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4
Q

Creatinine

A

Creatinina

This is a chemical waste produced from creatine,
used for energy production in the muscles.
Creatinine travels to the kidneys to be filtered out, so high levels indicate kidney damage.

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5
Q

Cryptorchidism

A

Criptorquidia

One or both of the testes do not descend into the
scrotum from the abdomen.

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6
Q

Culture

A

Cultivo

A laboratory test that promotes the growth and
propagation of germs in a sample of tissue or fluid to identify the cause of an infection.

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7
Q

Cystocele

A

Cistocele*

This condition primarily happens in women after
childbirth, in which the urinary bladder herniates into the vagina.

*Commonly referred as: desprendimiento o
caída de vejiga.

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8
Q

Cystolithotomy

A

Cistolitotomía

Surgical removal of calculi from the urinary bladder.

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9
Q

Cystorrhaphy

A

Cistorrafia

Suture of an injury, wound, or tear in the urinary
bladder.

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10
Q

Cystoscopy

A

Cistoscopía

A procedure using a cystoscope to evaluate the
bladder wall lining and the urethra.

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11
Q

Distended bladder

A

Vejiga dilatada*

Swelling of the urinary bladder, which creates a
sensation that one has to urinate, but without any
production or release of urine.

*Vejiga hinchada, inflada, inflamada o
distendida are may be aceptable too.

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12
Q

Diuretics

A

Diuréticos

Usually called water pills, these are medications used to help remove excess fluid from the body by increasing the production of urine.

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13
Q

Digital Rectal Exam (DRE)

A

Examen tacto rectal*

Digital Rectal Exam is a basic procedure where the practitioner inserts a finger, or digit, into the anus to examine the lower rectum and structures.

*Examen rectal digital o examen digital del
recto are also posible.

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14
Q

Dysuria

A

Disuria

Pain with urination; difficulty urinating.

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15
Q

Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR)

A

Índice de filtración glomerular (IFG o TFG*)

Glomerular Filtration Rate is a measurement used to assess how well the kidneys are filtering waste
products from the blood. It’s crucial for diagnosing and monitoring kidney diseases.

*TFG = Tasa de filtración glomerular.

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16
Q

Glycosuria

A

Glucosuria

Excess sugar in the urine, generally found in those with diabetes and/or kidney disease.

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17
Q

Hematuria

A

Hematuria

Blood in the urine, usually caused by kidney or
bladder infections.

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18
Q

Hemodialysis

A

Hemodiálisis

A procedure that filters blood a little at a time to
remove excess fluid and waste from the blood; it
corrects electrolyte imbalances.

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19
Q

Hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS)

A

Síndrome hemolítico-urémico

Hemolytic uremic syndrome is a disease marked by red blood cell destruction, which can cause blockage of the urinary and kidney filtering system.

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20
Q

Hydrocele

A

Hidrocele

Scrotal swelling caused by fluid buildup in the sacs surrounding the testicles. Common in newborns and infants.

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21
Q

Hydronephrosis

A

Hidronefrosis

Swelling of the kidney due to accumulation of fluid inside the organ; generally occurs as a result of an underlying condition.

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22
Q

Hyperuricemia

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A

Hiperuricemia

Abnormally elevated levels of uric acid in the blood, which can lead to conditions like gout and kidney stones.

23
Q

Incontinence

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A

Incontinencia

The inability to hold urine; loss of bladder control.

24
Q

Inguinal hernia

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A

Hernia inguinal

A hernia in the groin area, which occurs when lower intestinal tissue pushes through the abdominal wall and inguinal canal.

25
Interstitial cystitis
Cistitis intersticial Recurrent discomfort or pain in the bladder and pelvis. Also known as painful bladder syndrome.
26
Intravenous pyelogram (IVP)
Pielograma intravenoso IVP is an X-ray diagnostic study that looks at the bladder, ureters, and kidneys to determine the shape, size, and position of everything in the urinary tract.
27
Kidney dysplasia
Displasia renal A congenital condition where one or both kidneys develop abnormally during fetal growth, containing irregular cysts and non-functional tissue.
28
KUB
Radiografía abdominal* A plain diagnostic X-ray film of the abdomen to look at the kidneys, ureters, and bladder. *Also correct: Radiografía de abdomen o radiografia simple de abdomen [plain KUB].
29
Lithotripsy
Litotripcia A non-invasive procedure using ultrasound shock waves to break up stones in the kidney, liver, or gallbladder so that it is easier for them to pass through the filtering system.
30
Nephrohypertrophy
Nefrohipertrofia Excessive enlargement of one or both of the kidneys.
31
Nephrolithiasis
Nefrolitiasis The formation of kidney stones, which is a common cause of blood in the urine.
32
Nephron
Nefrón The functional and structural part of the kidney made up of a complex network of vessels.
33
Neurogenic bladder
Vejiga neurógena Spastic or flaccid bladder caused by a neurological disease or nerve damage. Marked by symptoms of incontinence, urgency, frequency, and retention.
34
Nocturia
Nocturia Nighttime awakenings to go to the bathroom to urinate.
35
Pelvic organ prolapse
Prolapso de órganos pélvicos This condition happens when the pelvic floor tissues that support the pelvic organs weaken or relax, causing one or more organs to descend and press against or bulge into the vagina.
36
Peritoneal dialysis
Diálisis peritoneal A catheter is inserted into the abdomen to filter out waste from the blood when kidneys are no longer able to filter.
37
Polycystic kidney disease (PKD)
Enfermedad renal poliquística* PKD is a hereditary condition marked by the development of abnormal growths or cysts on one or both of the kidneys. *Enfermedad poliquística de los riñones/del riñón is also correct.
38
Proteinuria
Proteinuria An abnormal amount of protein found in the urine; this condition indicates kidney damage. Also called Albuminuria.
39
Pyelonephritis
Pielonefritis This is a type of urinary tract infection that affects the kidneys. It occurs when bacteria from the bladder or urethra travel up to one or both kidneys.
40
Renal hypoplasia
Hipoplasia renal This is a congenital condition where one or both kidneys don't fully develop in the womb. They may be slightly smaller than usual or very tiny, affecting their ability to function properly.
41
Sepsis
Sepsis* Harmful toxins or bacteria in the urinary or blood system, which can affect organ function. *Also known as septicemia.
42
Specimen
Muestra para análisis Used to refer to a small sample of tissue or fluid, butoften refers to the examination of a small sample of urine to look at the nature of the urinary system.
43
Uremia
Uremia High levels of urea in the blood, which is a component generally excreted through the urinary system.
44
Ureters
Uréteres* The tubes that transport urine from the kidneys to the bladder. *Ojo: la forma singular es: uréter, no urétere
45
Urethra
Uretra The tube that transports urine out of the body from the bladder.
46
Uric acid
Ácido úrico A chemical that the body produces when it breaks down purines, which are substances found in some foods.
47
urinary tract infection (UTI)
Infección del tracto urinario A urinary tract infection is an infection in any part of the urinary tract including the bladder, urethra, ureters, or kidneys.
48
Varicocele
Varicocele Scrotal vein enlargement.
49
Vesicoureteral reflux (VUR)
Reflujo vesicoureteral VUR is a condition marked by backward flow of urine into the ureters or kidneys from the bladder.
50
Void
Orinar The act of urinating and completely emptying the bladder.
51
nephr/o
kidney
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ur/o
urine
53
cyst/o
bladder
54
poly-
many
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