Module 6 - Sensory System

Question 1

Aphasia

Answer 1

Afasia

Partial or total inability to understand or use language.

Question 2

Astigmatism

Answer 2

Astigmatismo

Spherical deviation in the lens of the eye, leading to distorted images.

Question 3

Cataract

Answer 3

Catarata

Opacification of the eye lens, leading to blurred vision.

Question 4

Cleft lip

Answer 4

Labio fisurado
(leporino*)

A split or opening in the upper part of the mouth caused by failure of lip to close together during fetal development. Babies with this condition may also suffer from a cleft in the palate*

*Labio leporino es un término ampliamente usado; sin embargo, se considera despectivo ya que se asocia con los rasgos de los animales ‘Lepóridos’, tales como los conejos y las liebres. Por lo tanto, se aconseja usar los términos ‘labio fisurado’ o ‘labio hendido’ para referirse a este defecto congénito con respeto.
Cleft palate = paladar hendido.

Question 5

Cochlea

Answer 5

Cóclea

Inner ear structure that is shaped like a snail and is the organ responsible for hearing.

Question 6

Colorblind

Answer 6

Daltónico

It refers to a person who has a vision deficiency in which the ability to see certain colors is decreased.

Question 7

Conjunctiva

Answer 7

Conjuntiva

The mucous membrane that lines the inside of the eyelids to protect the white of the eye.

Question 8

Conjunctivitis

Answer 8

Conjuntivitis

Also known as pink eye, is a condition that is often viral and contagious. It involves inflammation of the eye’s conjunctiva, leading to redness, itching, and discharge.

Question 9

Cornea

Answer 9

Córnea

The transparent layer covering the front part of the eye.

Question 10

Dysphonia

Answer 10

Disfonía

Difficulty speaking, or a vocalization impairment.

Question 11

Eardrum

Answer 11

Tímpano

The translucent fibrous structure separating the
external ear from the middle ear and attached to the ear bones; it vibrates with sound and sends the waves to the inner ear.

Question 12

Eustachian tube

Answer 12

Trompa de Eustaquio

The tube that leads from the throat to the middle ear, and is responsible for pressure equalization in the ears.

Question 13

ENT

Answer 13

Otorrino*

A physician that specializes in disorders of the ear, nose, and throat. Also called otolaryngologist.

*Also known as otorhinolaryngologist. In Spanish:
otorrinolaringólogo or otolaringólogo.

Question 14

Floaters

Answer 14

Flotadores del ojo

Eye floaters are black or gray spots in one’s vision; they may also look like a spider’s web or strings that drift with eye or head movement.

Question 15

glaucoma

Answer 15

glaucoma

A condition marked by several eye disorders that affect the optic nerve. Damage to this nerve leads to irreversible loss of vision.

Question 16

Halitosis

Answer 16

Halitosis*

Commonly known as bad breath.

*Also acceptable: mal aliento.

Question 17

Hearing impairment

Answer 17

Discapacidad auditiva

Partial or complete loss of the ability to detect sounds.

Question 18

Hoarseness

Answer 18

Ronquera

Harsh-sounding voice caused by vocal cord overuse or other conditions.

Question 19

Hyperopia

Answer 19

Hipermetropía

Commonly known as farsightedness, this is a condition where people can see distant objects more clearly than those nearby.

Question 20

Hyposmia and Anosmia

Answer 20

Hiposmia y anosmia

Hyposmia refers to a decreased ability to detect odors, and anosmia refers the complete loss of the sense of smell. The conditions can be temporary or permanent.

Question 21

Incus

Answer 21

Yunque

The bone in the middle ear between the stapes and malleus; also known as the anvil because of its shape.

Question 22

Inner ear

Answer 22

Oído interno

The part of the ear that contains the hearing organ called the cochlea and the balance organ called the labyrinth.

Question 23

Iris

Answer 23

Iris

The colored part of the eye behind the cornea,
containing the adjustable opening called the pupil.

Question 24

Labyrinth

Answer 24

Laberinto

Part of the inner ear that holds the sensory organs for hearing and equilibrium.

Question 25

LASIK

Answer 25

Cirugía LASIK It is a laser eye procedure that uses a device called a microkeratome to change the shape of the cornea to correct myopia, hyperopia, and astigmatism.

Question 26

Malleus

Answer 26

Martillo Commonly referred to as the hammer because of its shape, it is the first ear bone that connects to the eardrum.

Question 27

Meniere’s disease

Answer 27

Enfermedad de Meniere* A condition of the inner ear marked by hearing and balance disorders, leading to tinnitus, vertigo, hearing loss, and fullness in the ear. *Not to confuse with Meissner’s Corpuscles, which are nerve endings in hairless skin that increase touch sensitivity.

Question 28

Middle Ear

Answer 28

Oído medio Located between the eardrum and the oval window, this part of the ear is responsible for transmitting sound from the outer ear to the inner ear.

Question 29

Myopia

Answer 29

Miopía Commonly known as nearsightedness, this is a condition marked by the ability to see objects up close more clearly than objects farther away.

Question 30

Myringotomy

Answer 30

Miringotomía A surgical incision of the eardrum to relieve pressure, drain fluid, or place ear tubes.

Question 31

Nostrils

Answer 31

Fosas nasales The external openings in the face leading to the nasal cavities, which connect to the throat and airways to allow the passage of air into the lungs.

Question 32

Ossicles

Answer 32

Osículos Very small bones, especially when referring to the bones in the ear.

Question 33

Otitis

Answer 33

Otitis Inflammation of either the external, middle or inner ear, which will be defined by the terms otitis externa, otitis media, or otitis interna.

Question 34

Palate

Answer 34

Paladar There is a soft and hard palate. The soft palate is the fleshy portion towards the back of the roof of the mouth. The hard palate is the bony front part of the roof of the mouth.

Question 35

Presbyopia

Answer 35

Presbicia* A condition related to the natural aging of the eye, resulting in the progressive loss of the ability to see clearly up close. *In Spanish, a farsighted person is: hipermétrope, a nearsighted person is: miope, and a person with astigmatism is: astigmático.

Question 36

Pterygium

Answer 36

Pterigión* A growth of tissue in the conjunctiva of the eye, originating on the nasal side and gravitates to the cornea. *Commonly called: carnocidad en los ojos.

Question 37

Pupil

Answer 37

Pupila The adjustable opening in the middle of the iris, which is where light passes to the retina.

Question 38

Retina

Answer 38

Retina The innermost part of the eye that receives images from the outside world; these images are then sent to the brain through the optic nerve.

Question 39

Retinopathy

Answer 39

Retinopatía This condition is caused by damage to the retina, often due to diabetes or high blood pressure, resulting in blurred vision and vision loss.

Question 40

Rhinitis

Answer 40

Rinitis Inflammation in the nasal structures or lining causing a runny or stuffy nose.

Question 41

Round window

Answer 41

Membrana timpánica secundaria A membrane that separates the middle ear from the inner ear.

Question 42

Sclera

Answer 42

Esclerótica The white part of the eye.

Question 43

Stapes

Answer 43

Estribo Smallest of the three ear bones that connect the eardrum to the inner ear; commonly referred to as the stirrup because of its shape.

Question 44

Strabismus

Answer 44

Estrabismo* This is a condition where the eyes do not align properly, meaning one eye may turn in, out, up, or down while the other eye looks straight ahead. This can cause double vision and affect depth perception. *Cross-eyed: bizco in Spanish.

Question 45

Strep throat

Answer 45

Faringitis por estreptococos* An infection of the throat and tonsils caused by group A streptococcus bacteria. *Also correct: faringitis or amigdalitis estreptocócica.

Question 46

Sty

Answer 46

Orzuelo An abscess in or around the eye caused by bacteria in the eyelid glands.

Question 47

Tinnitus

Answer 47

Tinnitus* Hearing a roaring, ringing, or buzzing sound in the head or ears. *Also correct: zumbido or acúfenos. Tonsils:

Question 48

Vestibular system

Answer 48

Sistema vestibular The system responsible for maintaining one’s perception of the body’s place in space, posture, and balance. Regulates movements and locomotion to help with visual focus on objects during movement.

Question 49

Vertigo

Answer 49

Vértigo The illusion of movement, leading to a whirling sensation and loss of balance.

Question 50

Vestibule

Answer 50

Vestíbulo A bony channel or cavity within the inner ear.

Question 51

kerat/o

Answer 51

cornea

Question 52

myring/o

Answer 52

eardrum

Question 53

dilat/o

Answer 53

widening

Question 54

-otomy

Answer 54

cutting into