Medical Interpreting > Lymphatic System > Flashcards

Lymphatic System Flashcards

(54 cards)

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1
Q

Acquired immunity

A

Inmunidad adquirida

Immunity is the term used to define antibodies in the system, which fight off infection or toxins; acquired immunity is caused by exposure to a disease or infectious antigen.

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2
Q

Adenitis

A

Adenitis

A general term referring to the inflammation of a gland or lymph node. When it specifically involves the lymph nodes, it is known as lymphadenitis.

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3
Q

Adenoids

A

Adenoides*

Lymphatic tissue at the far back of the nose that traps and destroys pathogens in children. After age 5, the adenoids shrink and practically disappear as the body develops other ways to fight germs.

*Generally uses the feminine article: Las adenoides.

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4
Q

Allergen

A

Alérgeno

Something that causes an allergic reaction, like pollen or
food.

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5
Q

Anaphylaxis

A

Anafilaxia

A severe allergic reaction to a substance that can be life-
threatening, caused by a flood of immune chemicals that
shock the body.

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6
Q

Anemia

A

Anemia

Red blood cell or hemoglobin deficiency characterized by
weakness and pale skin.

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7
Q

Angioedema

A

Angioedema

Deep skin swelling caused by allergies or hereditary factors, affecting areas like the face, genitals, hands, or feet, sometimes accompanied by hives.

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8
Q

Antibody

A

Anticuerpo

Primary molecule responsible for fighting infection or toxins, produced by B cells; they bind to the foreign substance or antigen and disable it.

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9
Q

Antigen

A

Antígeno

A foreign substance or toxin that is harmful to the body and stimulates an immune response.

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10
Q

Autoimmune disease

A

Enfermedad autoinmune*

A variety of conditions in which the body’s immune
system attacks itself.

*También usada: Enfermedad autoinmunitaria.

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11
Q

B cells

A

Células B

These cells are a type of lymphocyte and responsible for
making antibodies.

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12
Q

Biopsy

A

Biopsia

The removal of a small tissue sample for microscopic examination to diagnose diseases, such as cancer, or to investigate abnormal tissue.

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13
Q

Bone marrow

A

Médula ósea

The spongy substance in the center of the bones that is
responsible for producing stem cells that later become mature blood cells.

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14
Q

Complete Blood Count (CBC)

A

Conteo sanguíneo completo*

Complete blood count is a blood test to measure the different components that make up the blood in order to identify a wide range of disorders like infection or anemia.

*También usada: hemograma completo o recuento sanguíneo completo.

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15
Q

Dendritic cells

A

Células dendríticas

Immune system cells that take antigens and present them to T-cells for destruction; they are the messengers between the different parts of the immune system.

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16
Q

Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma

A

Linfoma difuso de células B grandes

A type of cancer affecting the white blood cells that are responsible for making antibodies.

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17
Q

DNA

A

ADN*

A material in the body that self-replicates; it makes up the chromosomes and carries genetic information.

*DNA stands for deoxyribonucleic acid.

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18
Q

Flare-up

A

Rebrote

A sudden eruption or worsening of the symptoms of a disease, especially after being in remission.

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19
Q

Hemoglobin

A

Hemoglobina

A protein containing iron in red cells that transports oxygen to all the body’s organs.

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20
Q

Histamine

A

Histamina

A chemical released by cells in allergic or inflammatory reactions, which cause muscle contractions and capillary
dilation.

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21
Q

(Human immunodeficiency virus) HIV

A

VIH

Human immunodeficiency virus. HIV happens when the body’s immune system attacks T cells, which decreases immunity. Untreated, it can lead to AIDS, which is severe loss of cellular immunity and can be life- threatening.

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22
Q

Hodgkin’s lymphoma

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A

Linfoma de Hodgkin

Also known as Hodgkin’s disease, this is a type of cancer
in the lymphatic system characterized by abnormal
overgrowth of cells, which then spread to other parts of
the body.

23
Q

Immune system

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A

Sistema inmunitario

The system in the body that protects against infection,
foreign substances, tissues, and cells.

24
Q

Immunization

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A

Vacunación

The process of making individuals resistant to infectious
diseases, generally referred to as a vaccine.

25
Immunoglobulin
Inmunoglobulina These proteins function as antibodies; they are present within the fluid of the cells in the immune system.
26
Immunologist
Inmunólogo* Also known as an allergist, this is a medical doctor who specializes in the immune system, including immunity from disease and the immune response. *Allergist can be translated as Alergista or Alergólogo.
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Immunosuppression
Inmunosupresión The act of reducing the functionality of the immune system; this can happen naturally with disease or chemically with drugs to prevent the rejection of a transplanted organ or treat autoimmune diseases.
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Innate immunity
Inmunidad innata The automatic response in the immune system when an antigen or toxin is introduced to the body.
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Leukemia
Leucemia A type of cancer in the bone marrow, which prevents the production of platelets, red blood cells, or white blood cells leading to anemia, lower immunity, and poor clotting ability.
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Leukocytes
Leucocitos These are white blood cells, which are responsible for protecting the body against foreign substances and infection.
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Lupus
Lupus A number of autoimmune diseases where the immune system attacks itself and leads to severe inflammation of the skin, kidneys, blood cells, heart, lungs, and brain.
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Lymph
Linfa A clear, plasma-like fluid that circulates in the lymphatic system, carrying white blood cells and removing waste from tissues.
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Lymph nodes
Ganglios linfáticos Small swellings of tissue that are part of the immune system and used to house mature immune cells that fight off infection and unfamiliar substances. *También usada: nódulo linfático
34
Lymphangitis
Linfangitis Inflammation of the lymphatic vessels, usually resulting from a complication of an infection.
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Lymphocyte
Linfocito A lymphatic cell is part of the immune system and helps to defend the body against toxins or antigens.
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Lymphoma
Linfoma Lymph node cancer
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Macrophages
Macrófagos A type of white blood cell that engulfs and digests harmful organisms, removes dead cells, and activates other immune system cells.
38
Measles
Sarampión A highly contagious viral infection causing fever, cough, runny nose, and a red rash.
39
Mumps
Paperas* A contagious viral infection causing swollen salivary glands, fever, and muscle aches. It often occurs in childhood but is largely preventable through vaccination. *También usada: parotitis o parotiditis.
40
MMRV Vaccine
Vacuna SRPV* Immunization for the prevention of measles, mumps, rubella, and varicella (chickenpox). *The translation can also be expanded: Vacuna contra el sarampión, paperas, rubéola, y varicela. There’s also an MMR only vaccine (no varicella). In certain situations, MMRV can be interpreted as eme, eme, ere, ve.
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Pathogen
Patógeno A virus, microorganism, or bacteria that leads to infection.
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Plasma
Plasma The clear, yellowish fluid in blood that carries cells, proteins, nutrients, hormones, and waste products, playing a key role in clotting and immunity.
43
Plasmapheresis
Plasmaféresis A laboratory method to separate cells and plasma from the blood in order to discard the plasma and return only the cells back into the body using a substitution fluid. Used to treat autoimmune diseases.
44
Spleen
Bazo This is an organ within the abdominal cavity and plays a role in the immune system by acting as a filter and removing blood cells.
45
Stem cells
Células madre Cells that replicate after division in order to replace the number of cells that were removed or damaged, while also giving rise to the production of specialized types like T and B cells.
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T-cells
Células T Infection-fighting lymphatic cells within the immune system and produced by the thymus gland.
47
Thoracic duct
Ducto torácico A main vessel in the lymphatic system that receives and moves lymph fluid from the left side of the body.
48
Thrush
Candidiasis oral A fungal infection most commonly seen in children characterized by whitish ulcers or spots in the mouth; it is caused by Candida albicans.
49
Thymus gland
Glándula timo A lymphoid gland located behind the sternum and responsible for developing T-cells to fight off infection and initiate the immune response to antigens or toxins.
50
Tonsils
Amígdalas* The two lumps of lymphoid tissue located in the back of the mouth. Also common: anginas (Colloq.)
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aden/o
gland
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cyte/o
cell
53
hem/o
blood
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-pathy
disease
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