Medical Interpreting > Endocrine System > Flashcards

Endocrine System Flashcards

(54 cards)

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1
Q

A1C test

A

Prueba A1C

Also called hemoglobin A1C, this is a blood test to look at the average amount of glucose in the blood over the past three months.

A1c is also called Glycosylated Hemoglobin (HbA1c).

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2
Q

Acidosis

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Acidosis

A condition marked by excessive amounts of acid in the body fluids, which is a result of a pH imbalance that cannot be controlled by the lungs or kidneys.

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3
Q

Acromegaly

A

Acromegalia

An overgrowth of the bones in the feet, hands, and face as a result of excess production of the growth hormone from the pituitary gland.

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4
Q

Adrenal glands

A

Glándulas suprarrenales

Small, triangular glands located on top of each kidney. They produce hormones like adrenaline, cortisol, and aldosterone, which help regulate metabolism, stress response, blood pressure, and salt balance.

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5
Q

Addison’s disease

A

Enfermedad de Addison*

This condition is marked by excessive fatigue, weight loss, weakness, and abdominal pain; it is the result of underactive adrenal glands.

Addison’s disease is also called adrenal insufficiency or adrenal fatigue.

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6
Q

Androgens

A

Andrógenos

A sex steroid hormone found mostly in men, produced by the testes, but can be found in the ovaries of women as well; production is stimulated by the pituitary or adrenal glands.

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7
Q

Andropause

A

Andropausia

Similar to menopause in women, this condition happens in middle-aged men as a result of declining testosterone levels; symptoms include fatigue and decreased libido.

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8
Q

Calcitonin

A

Calcitonina

A natural hormone in the body that decreases calcium levels in the blood.

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9
Q

Continuous Glucose Monitor

A

Monitor continuo de glucosa

A CGM is a device that helps people with diabetes monitor their blood sugar levels continuously using a sensor under the skin, sending real-time data to a receiver or smartphone app.

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10
Q

Cortisol

A

Cortisol

Another term for hydrocortisone, this is the stress hormone and is produced by the adrenal cortex. It is responsible for homeostasis and regulates the body’s response to fear or stress.

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11
Q

Cushing syndrome

A

Síndrome de Cushing

An endocrine disorder caused by excess cortisol production and marked by symptoms of bruising, hypertension, thin skin, weakness, weight gain, puffy face, and osteoporosis.

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12
Q

Diabetes mellitus

A

Diabetes mellitus

A complement of diseases that affects blood sugar levels and how the body uses glucose; it is marked by high levels of glucose, or sugar, in the blood.

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13
Q

Endocrinopathy

A

Endocrinopatía

Commonly used to describe a hormone problem or imbalance. It means disease of an endocrine gland.

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14
Q

Epinephrine

A

Epinefrina

Also known as adrenaline, it’s a hormone produced by the adrenal glands that regulates visceral functions and is used via injection to treat severe allergic reactions.

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15
Q

Estrogen

A

Estrógeno

The primary sex hormone in females.

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16
Q

Exophthalmos

A

Exoftalmos

Abnormal and excessive eyeball protrusion, or bulging eyes.

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17
Q

Fasting blood sugar

A

Examen de glucemia en ayunas*

Commonly known as FBS, this is a blood test taken before eating in the morning to determine glucose levels in the blood.

Prueba de azúcar en sangre en ayunas’ podría ser otra opción.

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18
Q

Glycemia

A

Glucemia*

The presence of glucose in the blood.

Glucemia (Azucar en sangre) Gluc-emia. Glicemia también es usada.

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19
Q

Goiter

A

Bocio

Enlargement of the thyroid gland resulting in severe neck swelling.

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20
Q

Gonads

A

Gónadas

The reproductive glands such as ovaries or testes that produce sex hormones.

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21
Q

Graves’ disease

A

Enfermedad de Graves

A condition marked by an overactive thyroid gland leading to symptoms of protruding eyes and neck swelling.

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22
Q

Gynecomastia

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A

Ginecomastia

Breast enlargement in men, which is usually due to a hormone imbalance.

23
Q

Homeostasis

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A

Homeostasis

Internal physiological stability, which happens as a result of the body’s various systems coordinating with each other to react to stimuli.

24
Q

Hormone

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A

Hormona

A chemical produced by the body, which regulates organs and activities within the body.

25
Hot flashes
Sofocos* A sudden onset of feeling warm or flushed, especially in the face, chest, and neck. ## Footnote Also correct: bochornos or calores (colloq.)
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Hyperglycemia
Hiperglucemia An excess amount of glucose, or sugar, in the blood. It is the opposite of hypoglycemia, or low blood sugar levels.
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Hyperthyroidism
Hipertiroidismo An overactive thyroid gland, which excretes excess amounts of thyroid hormones causing symptoms like rapid heartbeat and increased metabolism.
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Hypothalamus
Hipotálamo This is a small brain region that regulates vital bodily functions like hunger, thirst, sleep, and temperature. It also plays a key role in controlling the pituitary gland.
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Hypopituitarism
Hipopituitarismo Underactivity of the pituitary gland, leading to premature aging and short stature.
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Insulin
Insulina A hormone released by the pancreas, which regulates the blood glucose levels.
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Ketoacidosis
Cetoacidosis Also called diabetic ketoacidosis, this is a serious complication of diabetes, which produces extremely high levels of ketones, or blood acids, in the body.
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Ketosis
Cetosis A metabolic process characterized by elevated levels of ketone bodies in the blood. This state occurs when the body burns fat for energy due to insufficient glucose.
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Metabolism
Metabolismo The chemical breakdown of substances in the body to produce energy in the cells so the body’s various organs and systems can function properly.
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Metformin
Metformina An oral medication given to type 2 diabetics, which helps control blood glucose levels.
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Myxedema
Mixedema Decreased production of hormones from the thyroid gland, leading to skin thickening and swelling.
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Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT)
Prueba oral de tolerancia a la glucosa An Oral glucose tolerance test determines how quickly the body clears glucose from the blood. It involves two blood samples: one taken while fasting and another after drinking a glucose solution.
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Oxytocin
Oxitocina Sometimes called the love or cuddle hormone. In women, it also facilitates childbirth, breastfeeding and bonding with the baby.
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Pancreas
Páncreas A glandular organ in the digestive system that produces insulin.
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Parathyroid glands
Glándulas paratiroides Four small, pea-sized glands located behind the thyroid gland. They produce parathyroid hormone (PTH), which regulates calcium levels in the blood and bones, crucial for proper nerve and muscle function.
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Pineal gland
Glándula pineal This gland produces melatonin, a hormone that affects the modulation of sleep-wake patterns and seasonal functions.
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Pituitary gland
Glándula pituitaria This tiny gland is known as the 'master gland' because its hormones control other glands. Some of the major hormones produced by this gland are the growth hormone, prolactin, and oxytocin.
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Placebo
Placebo A non-therapeutic medicine used in place of the real drug to produce a psychological response to determine if it benefits the patient.
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Polydipsia
Polidipsia Excessive thirst or fluid intake, which is one of the initial symptoms of diabetes.
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Prolactin
Prolactina A hormone produced by the pituitary gland that stimulates milk production in women after childbirth.
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Radioactive Iodine
Yodo radioactivo This is the therapy used for Graves’ disease or hyperthyroidism to try to slow down the production of thyroid hormones.
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Steroid
Esteroide* Molecules, including hormones, that have several rings of carbon atoms and serve a physiological function. ## Footnote The correct translation is Esteriode, not Asteroide as in a celestial body.
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Testosterone
Testosterona The primary sex hormone in males.
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Thyroid
Tiroides This butterfly-shaped gland is located in the front of the neck and it’s mainly responsible for controlling metabolism.
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Thyroidectomy
Tiroidectomía Surgical removal of the thyroid gland, which is done because of cancer, enlargement, or hyperthyroidism.
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Thyroxine
Tiroxina T4 is the main hormone produced by the thyroid gland, playing a crucial role in regulating metabolism. It can convert to T3, a more active hormone, when needed. ## Footnote Also pronounced: THīˈräksən
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Hyper
above, excessive
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Hypo
below, deficient
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-oid
resembling
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-ism
condition of
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