Module 6 - Skeletal System

Question 1

Acromioclavicular (AC) joint

Answer 1

Articulación acromioclavicular

The Acromioclavicular joint is located at the top
of the shoulder; it is the junction between the
acromion and the clavicle and allows the arm to
be raised above the head.

Question 2

Acetabulum

Answer 2

Acetábulo

The hip bone socket, which holds the top or head
of the femur bone.

Question 3

Acromion

Answer 3

Acromion

The highest part of the shoulder blade; a bony process.

Question 4

Anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments

Answer 4

Ligamentos cruzados, anterior y posterior

Both of these ligaments control the forward and
backward movement of the knee. The anterior
cruciate ligament (ACL) prevents the shinbone
from sliding forward past the thigh bone. The
posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) prevents the
shinbone from moving too far backward.

Question 5

Arthrocentesis

Answer 5

Artrocentesis

Also referred to as joint aspiration, this diagnostic
test uses a needle to aspirate fluid from a joint to
look for the cause of arthritis or swelling.

Question 6

Arthropathy

Answer 6

Artropatía

Any disease of the joints, which may or may not
include inflammation.

Question 7

Bone Spur

Answer 7

Espolón óseo

An abnormal bony growth that develops along
the edges of bones or in joints where tendons and ligaments attach. Spurs, also called osteophytes, can form on the bones of the spine.

Question 8

Bunion

Answer 8

Juanete

Painful swelling of the first joint in the big toe of
either foot.

Question 9

Bursa

Answer 9

Bursa*

Fluid-filled sacs or cavities within joints to counter
friction during movement.

*Bursa can also be translated as bolsa.

Question 10

Calcaneus

Answer 10

Calcáneo

The heel bone.

Question 11

Clavicle

Answer 11

Clavícula

Also called the collarbone, it is either of two small
bones connected to the scapula and sternum to
form the front part of the shoulder.

Question 12

Comminuted fracture

Answer 12

Fractura conminuta

A splinter or break of a bone into more than two
separate pieces.

Question 13

Cervical

Answer 13

Cervical

Pertaining to the neck. The neck is formed by
seven vertebrae; together called the cervical
spine.

Question 14

Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS)

Answer 14

Síndrome del túnel carpiano

Carpal tunnel syndrome is a severely painful
condition in the fingers, hands, and wrists caused
by median nerve compression, which passes
through a hole in the wrist and over the hand
bones.

Question 15

Facet joint

Answer 15

Articulación facetaria

Joints located between two vertebrae in the
spine, with synovial fluid to cushion movement.

Question 16

Femur*

Answer 16

Fémur

The thigh bone; the long and strong bone that
connects the hip to the knee.

Question 17

Tibia and Fibula

Answer 17

Tibia y peroné (fíbula)

The bottom leg bones: the tibia is the shinbone,
and the fibula is the calf bone.

Question 18

Fluoroscopy

Answer 18

Fluoroscopia

A continuous live X-ray image shown on a
monitor like a movie to evaluate internal
structures.

Question 19

Gout

Answer 19

Gota

A condition that causes arthritis in the small
bones of the feet and acute pain due to increased
uric acid levels.

Question 20

Hemarthrosis

Answer 20

Hemartrosis

A condition in which blood enters the joint
spaces; a common problem found in hemophilic
patients.

Question 21

Herniated disk

Answer 21

Disco herniado

A condition in which the outer part of the
vertebral disk in the spine is torn, causing the
nucleus to extrude through the fibers.

Question 22

Jawbone

Answer 22

Mandíbula

Generally referring to the lower jawbone, or
mandible, it is connected to the lower part of the
skull and shapes the lower face, forming the
structure of the mouth.

Question 23

Joint

Answer 23

Articulación*

The fixed or movable part where two structures,
especially bones, meet.

*Also correct: coyuntura

Question 24

Kyphosis

Answer 24

Cifosis

Outward spinal curvature causing a hunchback,
usually in the top part of the back.

Question 25

Laminectomy

Answer 25

Laminectomía Surgical removal of the back of a vertebra to provide access to the spinal cord and relieve pressure on the nerves.

Question 26

Ligament

Answer 26

Ligamento Tough, fibrous, flexible connective tissue that holds together a joint by connecting bones or cartilages.

Question 27

Lordosis

Answer 27

Lordosis Inward spinal curvature.

Question 28

Lumbar spine

Answer 28

Columna lumbar Located in the mid to lower back, it is made up of 5 vertebral bodies stacked one on top of the other, separated by vertebral disks.

Question 29

Meniscus

Answer 29

Menisco A C-shaped piece of cartilage in the knee that acts as a cushion between the thigh bone and the shin bone, providing shock absorption and stability to the joint.

Question 30

Metacarpals and Metatarsals

Answer 30

Metacarpianos y Metatarsianos Metacarpals are the five hand bones, and metatarsals are the five toe bones.

Question 31

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

Answer 31

Resonancia magnética* Magnetic resonance imaging is a diagnostic study using a large tube-shaped machine to capture images of internal structures with magnetic fields and radio waves. *In Spanish is usually not necessary to add the word imagen on MRI.

Question 32

Myeloma

Answer 32

Mieloma Bone marrow tumor, malignant in nature.

Question 33

Orthopedics

Answer 33

Ortopedia The branch of medicine focused on identification, diagnosis, and treatment of bone and muscle diseases and deformities.

Question 34

Osteoarthritis

Answer 34

Osteoartritis A common disorder found in the elderly and marked by degeneration of joint cartilage and bone.

Question 35

Osteomyelitis

Answer 35

Osteomielitis Bone or bone marrow inflammation, generally caused by an infection.

Question 36

Osteoporosis

Answer 36

Osteoporosis Common condition found in older women, marked by brittle bones made fragile and susceptible to fracture by loss of tissue.

Question 37

Osteosarcoma

Answer 37

Osteosarcoma Malignant tumor on the bone, marked by increased number of osteoblasts.

Question 38

Patella

Answer 38

Rótula Kneecap.

Question 39

Phalanges

Answer 39

Falanges Plural form of phalanx, and refers to the toe and finger bones.

Question 40

Radius and Ulna

Answer 40

Radio y cúbito These bones are located in the forearm, running parallel to each other. They connect the upper arm bone, the humerus, to the hand.

Question 41

Ribcage

Answer 41

Caja torácica The bony structure in the chest made up of ribs and the sternum, which protects the heart and lungs while also supporting the upper body and aiding in breathing.

Question 42

Rheumatoid arthritis

Answer 42

Artritis reumatoide An autoimmune disease that is progressive and chronic in nature, marked by joint inflammation, painful deformity, and immobility.

Question 43

Scoliosis

Answer 43

Escoliosis Lateral spinal curvature.

Question 44

Shoulder blade

Answer 44

Omóplato* Also known as the scapula, is a large, flat triangular bone located in the upper back. It connects with the humerus and the clavicle to form the shoulder joint. *Also: escápula (medical); paleta, paletilla, espaldilla (colloq.)

Question 45

Skull

Answer 45

Cráneo The bone and cartilage that surrounds the brain in the head and supports the facial structures.

Question 46

Spine

Answer 46

Columna vertebral* This is the backbone, also called the spinal or vertebral column; it is vital to all motor and sensory function. *Also correct: Espina dorsal (but not just the word espina). Espinazo (colloq).

Question 47

Sternum

Answer 47

Esternón Commonly known as the breastbone. It consists of three bones that form the front part of the chest wall.

Question 48

Synovial membrane

Answer 48

Membrana sinovial Loose connective tissue forming the inner part of the articular capsule in a synovial joint, which is a joint that permits more movement due to the cushioning with synovial fluid.

Question 49

Vertebrae

Answer 49

Vértebras Plural form of vertebra, these are the 33 bony segments in the spinal column.

Question 50

Weight-bearing joints

Answer 50

Articulaciones de soporte de peso Large joints that are able to support pressure of the body’s weight, especially the spine, hips, knees, ankles, and feet.

Question 51

arthr/o

Answer 51

joint

Question 52

cervic/o

Answer 52

collar; neck

Question 53

oste/o

Answer 53

bone

Question 54

carp/o

Answer 54

wrist