FSG 3

Question 1

Which CNs come off the midbrain?

Answer 1

3

4

Question 2

Which CNs come off the pons?

Answer 2

5-8

Question 3

Which CNs come off the medulla?

Answer 3

9-12

Question 4

What are the UMN tracts that begin in the brainstem? (5)

Answer 4

• rubrospinal
• reticulospinal
• raphespinal
• ceruleospinal
• vestibulospinal

Question 5

function of the rubrospinal tract

Answer 5

extends wrist and fingers (input from cerebellum)

Question 6

function of the reticulospinal tract

Answer 6

coordinates trunk activity and proximal limbs when walking

Question 7

function of the raphespinal tract

Answer 7

enhances activity of interneurons and motor neurons throughout the SC

Question 8

function of the ceruleospinal tract

Answer 8

same as raphespinal - enhancing interneuron/motor neuron activity

Question 9

function of the vestibulospinal tract

Answer 9

• medial: control neck and upper back muscles

- lateral: LMN to extensors (for COG)

Question 10

What are the longitudinal sections of the brainstem?

Answer 10

• anterior/basilar
• middle/tegmentum
• posterior/tectum

Question 11

basilar section function

Answer 11

motor

Question 12

tegmentum function

Answer 12

• sensory
• CN function
• RF is also here

Question 13

tectum function

Answer 13

reflexive movement of head and eyes

Question 14

What is the “core” of the brainstem?

Answer 14

RF

Question 15

What forms the RF?

Answer 15

• reticular nuclei

- ascending/descending reticular pathways

Question 16

Functions of RF

Answer 16

• integrates sensory/cortical
• regulates somatic, autonomic, and consciousness
• modulates nociceptive info

Question 17

What are the 4 RF nuclei and their NMs?

Answer 17

• VTA (dopamine)
• PPN (acetylcholine)
• raphe nuclei (serotonin)
• locus ceruleus and medial reticular area (norepi)

Question 18

NM vs NT

Answer 18

• NM is slower

- NM doesn’t have to be released from synaptic cleft (but can be)

Question 19

Where does the VTA project? (4)

Answer 19

• ventral striatum
• hippocampus
• amygdala
• prefrontal cortex

Question 20

Where does the PPN project? (5)

Answer 20

• prefrontal cortex
• thalamus
• GP, STN
• limbic system (hippo/amyg)
• origin of RST

Question 21

Where do the Raphe nuclei project? (7)

Answer 21

• cerebrum
• thalamus
• tectum
• striatum
• amygdala
• hippocampus
• SC

Question 22

Where does the locus ceruleus and medial reticular area project?

Answer 22

same targets as Raphe nuclei

Question 23

Function of the VTA

Answer 23

• reward center
• motivation
• decision making

Question 24

Function of PPN

Answer 24

influences movement, postural muscles

Question 25

Function of Raphe nuclei

Answer 25

modulation of arousal

Question 26

Funciton of Locus ceruleus?

Answer 26

directs attention