Who is Socrates and Plato?
They are philosophers, Socrates was Platos teacher. They both belived that knowledge was innate and that the mind was separable from the body and carried on after death. Both of them were logical thinkers.
Who is Aristotle?
The student of Plato who had a difference in opinion of his teacher. He believed knowledge was derived from experiences in life that were stored in the memory. He was an observer, and could be considered a critical thinker.
Who is Rene Descartes?
A French philosopher who was in agreement with Socrates and Plato. He believed the fluid in animals brain cavities contained animal spirits that flew from the brain (through the nerves which he thought were hollow) to the muscles that provoked movement. Memories were created because of the brains opened pores where the animal spirits flowed.
Who is Francis Bacon?
Considered one of the Founding Fathers of Modern Science. A British man who believed our minds create more order/pattern than we notice. He also argued that we notice/remember events that confirm our beliefs while failing to remember those that are opposite of our beliefs.
Who is John Locke?
50 years after back, another British man who proposed our mind is tabula rasa at birth. Meaning we are a blank slate at birth where our experiences are written. Influenced by Aristotle.
What is Empiricism.
Empiricism means Knowledge that stems from experience and it advocates for scientists to rely on observation and experimentation. Locke/Bacon influenced this
Where was the first psychology laboratory studied.
In 1879, Lepzig Germany
How was the first psychological lab studied?
Wilhelm Wundt performed an experiment that showed humans time lag because of pressing a key to let a ball hit the ground. Wundt’s measured atoms of the mind.
Who was the first to establish the psychological laboratory in the US?
G Stanley Hall, Wundt’s American student.
Who is Edward Titchener?
He introduced the an early phrase of psychology that uses introspection/self reflection to reveal the structure of the mind.
What happened with structuralism?
Individuals were supposed to report elements of their experiences when presented with specific objects but this quickly fell because of varied results.
Who is William James?
Created functionalism, which was a 2nd element of early psychology. Functionalism explores mental/behavioral processes and how they function.
What did William James do?
Against Harvard’s wishes he admitted Mary Whiton Calkins into his graduate seminar, causing all men to drop out. She scored higher than them all but was refused her degree by Harvard.
Who is Margaret Floy Washburn?
The first woman to get a PhD in psychology. Denied access to join the organization of experimental psychologists which was founded by Titchener, her teacher.
He also wrote the first psychology book?
William James
Who is John B Watson?
He founded the school of Behaviorism, which believed in the study of observable behavior. B.F Skinner helped build ideas onto behaviorism.
Who is Sigmund Freud?
He created psychoanalytical psychology that focused on the unconscious thought processes and emotional responses to childhood experience that affected our behavior.
How was psychodynamic psychology created?
Sigmund’s version of it lacked credibility so this one was created more in depth.
What is Humanistic psychology?
It emphasized the growth potential of healthy people and was created by Abraham Maslow and Carl Rogers.
Nature vs Nuture
Nature is your genes and Nuture is your experiences and enviornment.
Whats Cognitive Neuroscience?
The study of brain activity linked with cognition (perception, thinking, memory, language).
What is Psychology today?
The science behind behavioral and mental processes.
What is behavior?
Anything and organism does/reacts
What are Mental processes?
internal, subjective experiences
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