Mod 44

Question 1

What is cognition?

Answer 1

mental activities associated with thinking, knowing and communication

Question 2

What are schemas? Who believed in them?

Answer 2

A concept that organizes and interprets information; Jean piaget

Question 3

What did Jean Piaget believe in?

Answer 3

he believed we grew in stages

Question 4

WHat are Piagets 2 concepts? Explain them

Answer 4

1) Assimilation - we interpret them in terms of our current understandings
2) Accommodation - adjusting our schemas to incorporate information from new experiences

Question 5

What are piagets four major stages of cognitive development?

Answer 5

1) Sensorimotor
2) Preoperational
3) Concrete operational
4) Formal operational

Question 6

What is the sensorimotor stage?

Answer 6

From birth to 2 years; infants know the world mostly in terms of their sensory impressions and motor activities.

Question 7

What is object permanance? What stage do infants lack it?

Answer 7

the awareness that objects continue to exist even when not perceived.
The Sensorimotor stage

Question 8

What is the Preoperational stage?

Answer 8

Age 2-6/7; able to represent things with words and images but too young to perform mental operations

Question 9

What is conservation and in which stages do children lack it?

Answer 9

The principle that quantity remains the same despite changes in shape.
The Sensorimotor and Preoperational stage

Question 10

What are some other things that occur during the Preoperational stage?

Answer 10

1) Pretend Play
2) Egocentrism - difficulty perceiving things from another’s view
3) Theory of Mind - ability to infer others’ mental states

Question 11

What is the concrete operational stage?

Answer 11

Ages 7-11; children gain the mental operations that enable them to think logically about concrete events.

Question 12

What is the formal operational stage?

Answer 12

12 years; people begin to think logically about abstract concepts (“if this then that”/”what if”)

Question 13

How does Lev Vygotsky different from Piaget?

Answer 13

Vygotsky emphasized how the child’s mind grows through interaction with the social environment.

Question 14

What is scaffold?

Answer 14

a framework that offers children temporary support as they develop higher levels of thinking
ex) teaching the EBQ by having students identify a claim, analyze evidence, and synthesize them

Question 15

What is the zone of proximal according to Vygotsky?

Answer 15

What a child can do to help

Question 16

What is autism spectrum disorder (asd)?

Answer 16

a disorder that appears in childhood and is marked by significant deficiencies in communication and social interaction, and by rigidly fixated interests and repetitive behaviors.

Question 17

What is impaired theory of mind and how does ASD relate?

Answer 17

deficit in the ability to attribute mental states; people with ASD usually struggle with this

Question 18

Your friend’s baby brother, Matt, loves to play with his pet cat. When he sees a puppy, he points and calls it “Mi Mi,” which is what he calls his cat. Matt is demonstrating Piaget’s process of

a) conservation.

b) accommodation.

c) cognition.

d) object permanence.

e) assimilation.

Answer 18

e) assimilation.

Question 19

If you showed a 2-year-old a model of her bedroom where you’d hidden a toy behind the bed, she would

a) understand that the model represented her room, but not be able to find the toy in her own room.

b) exhibit schematic thinking and be able to explain the study back to you.

c) be unable to find the toy in her room due to a lack of symbolic thinking.

d) understand that the model represented her room, and be able to find the toy in her own room.

e) misunderstand the instructions due to her lack of theory of mind.

Answer 19

c) be unable to find the toy in her room due to a lack of symbolic thinking.

Question 20

Vygotsky called the space between what a child could learn with and without help the

a) theory of mind.

b) zone of abstract logic.

c) zone of abstract reasoning.

d) zone of proximal development.

e) zone of developmental readiness.

Answer 20

d) zone of proximal development.

Question 21

Which of the following is a current belief of researchers that differs from Piaget’s original theories?
Infants simply have less

a) information about the world than older children and adults.

b) Object permanence develops earlier than Piaget believed.

c) Infants learn more by verbal explanations than Piaget believed.

d) Accommodation is a process that doesn’t occur in young children.

e) Schemas don’t form until later than Piaget believed.

Answer 21

b) Object permanence develops earlier than Piaget believed.

Question 22

Which of the following cognitive abilities is possible only at the formal operational stage?

a) Reversing arithmetic operations

b) Using a theory of mind to predict the behavior of others

c) Using hypothetical situations as the basis of moral reasoning

d) Using symbolic thinking for pretend play

e) Understanding basic physics to recognize impossible situations

Answer 22

c) Using hypothetical situations as the basis of moral reasoning

Question 23

A 4-year-old child comes into the room and tells her parent, “I broke it” without feeling the need to tell her parent what is broken because

a) the child lacks an understanding of conservation.

b) the child is afraid of being punished.

c) the child’s cannot remember what was broken.

d) the child has assimilated the object into her memory.

e) the child is egocentric.

Answer 23

e) the child is egocentric.

Question 24

Which of the following would indicate that a child understands conservation?

a) She would continue to seek a toy hidden under a blanket.

b) She would “hide” in a game of hide-and-seek by covering her eyes with her hands.

c) She would believe that a clay snake would have the same amount of clay as the clay ball that was used to make it.

d) She would recognize that 7 + 3 involves the same mathematical relationship as 10 – 7.

e) She would be able to comprehend the logic of if-then statements.

Answer 24

c) She would believe that a clay snake would have the same amount of clay as the clay ball that was used to make it.