Thorax

Question 1

Thorax divisions

Answer 1

The division of the body cavity that lies cranial to the diaphragm, is bounded laterally by the wall of the chest, and contains the heart and lungs, thoracic trachea and esophagus, thymus (young animals), large blood vessels (aorta and vena cava) and lymphatic vessels (thoracic duct).

Question 2

Thorax boundaries

Answer 2

Cranial Boundary or Thoracic Inlet, Caudal Boundary, Dorsal Boundary, and Ventral Boundary

Question 3

Cranial Boundary

Answer 3

First few ribs attached to thoracic vertebras and Manubrium (sternum at the cranial end).

Question 4

Caudal Boundary

Answer 4

Formed by last ribs and the diaphragm

Question 5

Dorsal Boundary

Answer 5

Thoracic vertebrae and hypaxial muscles

Question 6

Ventral Boundary

Answer 6

Marked by the sternum and costal cartilages that connect the ribs to the sternum.

Question 7

Visceral Pleura

Answer 7

Directly attached to surface of the lungs

Question 8

Pleura

Answer 8

Double membraned that surrounds lungs and lines the chest cavity. In between pleuras is the cavity that contains fluid and allows the lungs to expand and contract easily

Question 9

Parietal Pleura

Answer 9

Lines the inside of the chest cavity. Helps maintain position of the lungs.

Question 10

Mediastinum

Answer 10

central compartment within the thoracic cavity between the pleural sacs of the lungs, which contains vital structures such as the heart, major blood vessels (aorta, vena cava, thoracic duct), esophagus, trachea, thymus, lymph nodes, and nerves.

Question 11

Pericardium

Answer 11

protective double-layered membrane that surrounds the heart and the roots of large blood vessels and anchors them within the thoracic cavity of an animal. The pericardium comprises an outer fibrous layer and an inner serous layer, which secretes a fluid that lubricates and reduces friction as the heart beats within the pericardial sac.

Question 12

Mesothelium

Answer 12

The cells that compose of pleural cavities and internal surfaces. Provide lubrication and reduce friction.

Question 13

Transudate

Answer 13

Fluid accumulated in body cavities due to imbalance of hydrostatic/osmatic pressures. Congestive Heart Failure or Liver Disease

Question 14

Exudate

Answer 14

Fluid accumulated due to inflammation and increased permeability of blood vessels. Infections, Trauma, and Inflammatory diseases.