Immune systems

Question 1

Anaphylatoxin

Answer 1

(C3a, C4a and C5a) are small, stable fragments
that are released from the larger complement components (C3, C4
and C5 respectively) upon activation of the complement cascade.

Question 2

Chemotaxis

Answer 2

Migration of cells under influence of chemical gradient concentration. (chemokines to attract phagocytes)

Question 3

Complement proteins

Answer 3

Serum and cell surface proteins activated by factors that results in enzyme cascades. Initiate Chemotaxis, Cell Lysis, and Opsonization

Question 4

Complement System

Answer 4

Innate immune systems: complement proteins that act together as a defense against pathogens in ECM

Question 5

Cytokines

Answer 5

Mediate cellular interactions + regulate cell growth and secretion. Ex: Interleukin 2

Question 6

Enzymes

Answer 6

Acts as catalysts for a rxn

Question 7

Inflammation

Answer 7

Innate response of tissues to injury. Vascular and cellular changes. Reddening, swelling, heat, and pain

Question 8

Innate Immunity

Answer 8

Mediated by proteins of the myeloid germline. First response, broad, and fast

Question 9

Membrane attack complex

Answer 9

Assembles a membrane spanning hydrophilic pores on pathogens -> cell lysis. Doesn’t involve immune cells or antibodies

Question 10

Opsonins

Answer 10

Facilities phagocytosis by coating foreign antigenic particles.

Question 11

Phagocytosis

Answer 11

ability of some cells to ingest foreign particles. Macrophages, Neutrophils, and Dendritic Cells

Question 12

Signaling

Answer 12

Cell to cell communication via binding of membrane bound or secreted ligands