Popular sovereignty
Authority derived from the people rather than from God or tradition
3 classes called “Estates” or the orders of France
-The First Estate consisted of the Clergy
-The Second Estate consisted of the Nobility
-The Third Estate consisted of everyone else
Bourgeoisie
Elite wealthy commoners who were merchants, manufacturers, and professionals
A body of deputies from the three estates or orders
Estates General
Tennis Court Oath
They agreed not to separate until they had given France a constitution
Bastille
-July 14, 1789
-a huge fortified prison that symbolized royal authority
Great Fear
A period of panic and riot by rural peasants amid rumors “aristocratic conspiracy” to overthrow the Third Estate
The Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen proclaimed
Men are born and remain free and equal in rights
Political “clubs” French devotedly radical republican left-wing group called
Jacobins
The slogans and values that will define the revolution
-Liberty
-Equality
-Fraternity
Marat was assassinated by Charlotte Corday, a Girondin sympathizer- the Convention agreed to establish
“Revolutionary armies” and the Committee of Public Safety
Between September 5, 1793, and July 27, 1794, this period is called the
Reign of Terror
French Enlightenment thinker believed if they could just get rid of _____________________________ humanity would enter a new golden age
Religion, Monarchy, and Inequality
Replace the Catholic Church
“Cult of Reason” or “Court of the Supreme Being”
Fearing for the safety of its members, in July 1794, the convention ended the Terror by arresting and executing
Robespierre and his followers
Dies with Robespierre- France will enter a period of uncertainty
Fear of another terror or a return of the oppressive monarchy that preceded it
Next, the directory sent Napoleon and an army to Egypt in 1798
The hopes of cutting off the British trade routes to India
2nd century B.C. artifact will unlock the last ancient Egyptian culture
Rosetta Stone
The Consulate- Napoleon became __________, a title revived from the Ancient Roman Republic
First Consul
Napoleon created an administrative Bureaucracy based on the Ancient Roman ___________ relationship
Patron client
Napoleon’s civil accomplishments- The civil code of 1804
It did not allow privileges based on birth (such as nobility). It allowed freedom of religion, equal protection under law for all males
Napoleon’s military innovations
-Creation of the Grand Armee
-The Corps
-Artillery
-Spy Network
It is regarded as the greatest victory achieved by Napoleon
Austerlitz
Annexing territories Napoleon (only need to know 3 of the 6)
-Abolished serfdom
-Introduced the Napoleonic code
-Suppressed monasteries
