definition of the circulatory system
organ system transporting oxygen, carbon dioxide and nutrients
describe the pulmonary circulation
- lungs
- oxygen depleted blood
- passes from the heart to the lungs
- returns oxygenated blood to the heart
describe the systemic cirulation
- everywhere but lungs
- passes from the heart to the rest of the body
- returns deoxygenated blood to the heart
layers of the heart from superficial to deep
- fibrous pericardium
- serous pericardium (parietal and visceral)
- myocardium
function of the ductus arteriosus
shunts blood from the pulmonary artery to the aorta, allowing oxygenated blood from the placenta to bypass the fluid-filled fetal lungs
function of the foramen ovale
stop deoxygenated blood from going to the lungs
function of the umbilical vein
takes oxygenated blood to the placenta
function of the umbilical arteries
carries deoxygenated blood to the placenta
what is found between the ventricles
interventricular septum
functions of the respiratory tract
- conduction of air (warms and humidifies)
- respiration
- protection against pathogens
what are the four sections of the upper respiratory tract
nasopharynx, oropharynx, laryngopharynx, paranasal sinuses
describe respiratory epithelium
pseduostratified ciliated columnar epithelium with goblet cells
what are the three lobes of the lungs
superior lobe, inferior lobe, middle lobe
what are the four most common drug targets
- receptors
- enzymes
- carrier molecules
- ion channels
two drug types
agonists and antagonists
what do agonists do
produce a response
what do antagonists do
block a response
what is a ligand
chemical or compound that binds to receptor
what is a partial agonist
compound that binds to and activates a receptor
what is efficacy
ability to provoke a response
what is potency
measure of concentration of a drug at which is produces an effect
what two things stop valves opening under pressure
- chordae tendinae
- papillary muscles
what does valve insuffiency cause
regurgitation of blood
what is the names of the types of valves between the atria and ventricles
atrioventricular valves
