Encoding
How information is transferred and placed in memory.
Semantic encoding
assigns meaning
Acoustic encoding
sound, visual, sensation
Mnemonic Devices
(acronyms or visual imagery) provide organizational Structures that make information more memorable. → Link into through association/ connections. Ex) FANBOYS for english. Can be personalized.
Method of Loci
Mnemonic technique using visual imagery, putting information into mental images and accosting them with positions or locations.
ex) grocery list items and places in your home
Chunking
combining / grouping bits of related information into meaningful chunks - helpful for STM. Ex grouping numbers to memorize a big number.
Categories
organize information into groups/classes based on shared characteristics or features. Ex) cognitive biases.
Hierarchies
organize info into a multi-level structure where things are ordered from more general to more specific. Ex) A dog → dog breeds.
Spacing Effects
(spaced repetition) refers to the fact that info is better retained and recalled when it’s studied / rehearsed over multiple spaced Intervals of time. Helps LTM.
Distributed Practice
Something being studied/ rehearsed over multiple spaced intervals of time. Helps LTM.
Serial Position Effect
remembering things better when told at the beginning or the end.
Primacy Effect
tendency to remember things at the BEGINNING.
Massed Practice
something being studied/rehearsed all at once.
Recency Effect
tendency to remember things at the END.
