3.4

Question 1

Cognitive Development

Answer 1

The process of intellectual growth a child goes through to develop information-processing abilities, language learning, understanding of concepts, and problem-solving capabilities.

Question 2

Sean Piaget

Answer 2

(1920.)-theorized that a child’s intellectual abilities depend on age and the development of the brain. Says that cognitive development has distinct stages, “Students of Psychology Can Fly” (SPCF). Uses assimilation and accommodation.

Question 3

Sensorimotor Stage

Answer 3

(Sean Piaget) the first stage; (birth-2yrs) when children begin to understand that their movements are tied to sensory satisfaction. Ex: touching musical toys results in noise. Creates stranger/separation anxiety

Question 4

Object Permanence

Answer 4

(Sean Piaget) (Sensorimotor Stage) at 8 months when a child begins to understand that objects exist even when hidden. Can result in separation anxiety.

Question 5

Preoperational Stage

Answer 5

(Sean Piaget) 2nd stage (2-7yrs) Symbolic and egocentric thinking; ability to pretend; child does not think logically resulting in animism.

Question 6

Animism

Answer 6

part of the preoperational stage (Sean Piaget) a belief that inanimate objects have feelings and humanlike qualities.

Question 7

Egocentrism

Answer 7

(Sean Piaget) -part of the preoperational stage- seeing the world only through their own perspective

Question 8

Pretend Play

Answer 8

(Sean Piaget)-part of the preoperational stage- imaginative play that helps build social and emotional skills.

Question 9

Concrete Operational stage

Answer 9

(Sean Piaget) (7-11yrs) 3rd stage – thinking logically about concrete objects and doing simple math; conservation develops.

Question 10

Reversibility

Answer 10

(Sean Piaget)- part of the concrete operational stage- the idea that actions can be reversed, returning to their original state. Ex) clay changing shape.

Question 11

Conservation

Answer 11

(Sean Piaget)- part of the concrete operational stage- Ex) a fat, short glass can hold as much as a tall, skinny glass.

Question 12

Formal Operational

Answer 12

(Sean Piaget) 4th stage (12-adult) when abstract and hypothetical thinking emerges; strategy and planning become possible.

Question 13

Abstract concepts

Answer 13

(Sean Piaget) - part of the formal operational stage- like virtue and honesty and sarcasm develop.

Question 14

Hypothetical Situations

Answer 14

(Sean Piaget) - part of the formal operational stage- fake situations requiring planning, reasoning, and strategies

Question 15

Vysotsky

Answer 15

(1934) ~ theory of cultural and biosocial development depending on the environment

Question 16

Sociocultural Perspective

Answer 16

(Low Vysotsky) the social and cultural environment allows children to progress through development stages either slower or quicker.

Question 17

Zone of Proximal Development

Answer 17

(Low Vysotsky) the difference between what a learner can do without VS. with help.

Question 18

Scaffoldings

Answer 18

(Low Vysotsky) help/assistance with tasks. Decreases overtime.

Question 19

Fluid Intelligence

Answer 19

the ability to solve problems, see relationships, and think abstractly (declines with age and the level of neuro transmitters).

Question 20

Crystalized Intelligence

Answer 20

Increases w/ age; represents an individual’s accumulated intelligence + the ability to use skills, knowledge, and experience. “wise”

Question 21

Cognitive Disorders

Answer 21

Alzheimer’s, Lewy Body etc.

Question 22

Dementia

Answer 22

older adults – thinking, memory, and behavior begin to deteriorate.