Apush Chapter 1-2

Question 1

What 2 scientific events do the book discuss in relation the the Americas? Connect the two

Answer 1

Pangea Separating- the Canadian SHield held North America in place

The Ice Age- The ice sheets gave the first native people a bridge to cross from Alaska to America’s

-> When the ice melted, it eroded the Canadian shield; the sea level was heighted, and volcanos added to the topography of the land while the great lakes were created

Question 2

What was the largest crop? What did it do?

Answer 2

Maize; it allowed society to develop and advance, allowing discoveries such as the Irrigation systems in Southwest

Question 3

How would one describe the Native American Tribes? What were they NOT?(vocab word in the book)

Answer 3

The groups were very individual with their own separate traditions and diverse cultures; they were NOT nation-states

Question 4

How did the Native Americans do damage to their land?

Answer 4

They deforested their land in order to open hunting regions

Question 5

What was the main reason that Europe was eager to explore? Who achieved this goal?

Answer 5

The Muslims/Ottomans shut down their only efficient access to the spice islands and other Asian goods; Portugal (Henry the navigator) was the first to find and execute a new path (Vasco Da Gama)

Once they established bases, they set up the plantation system and showed the effect of slave labor

Question 6

What was the Columbian Exchange? How did it affect the Native Americans?

Answer 6

Although they did receive crops, they all died out from disease like smallpox and aggression; this dying out began the triangular trade because the Europeans were desperate to find more free labor

Question 7

Who destroyed the Aztec population and why?

Answer 7

Hernan Cortes- the king, moctezuma, thought he was a god, and accommodated him. However, the Aztecs grew irritated at the greed and exploitative nature of the Europeans

They attacked on the Noche Triste and lost; their temples were replaced by catholic churches

Question 8

What was the Battle of Acoma?

Answer 8

The Spanish, under Don Juan de Onate, massacred the Pueblos and took their land, naming it New Mexico

Question 9

What was the Pueblo Revolt?

Answer 9

The revolt by the Pueblos after the Spanish tried to catholicize the pueblos; they won and reversed the changes (such as building temples in place of churches)

Later, they stole horses from the Europeans

Question 10

How were the missionary attempts executed?

Answer 10

They were either met with revolt or converts, who lost all of their culture and traditions; Father Serra’s missions, which took place in california, accomplished

Question 11

What allowed France to start exploring in an efficient manner?

Answer 11

Edict of Nantes: France was previously occupied with internal religious wars and external wars, but this document, providing hugeonauts partial toleration, allowed France to reunite and once more become a large and feared nation

Question 12

What business allowed France to Prosper in the New World?

Answer 12

With Jacques Cartier claiming the St. Lawrence for France, colonists could fish, and could travel further into the woods to be part of the fur-trade.

Question 13

Why was Samuel de Champlain so important?

Answer 13

He and his military helped the Iroquois Confederacy against the Huron, and got the tribes to allow the French to get more land

Question 14

Who were the Coureurs de Bois?

Answer 14

Independent and free roaming people of France who wore Beaver pelt hats

Question 14

Why were the French reluctant to migrate to the colonies? (4)

Answer 14

1) Peasant landowners had no economic motive to move, and feared the dangers that would be present in the woodland area
2) Protestant French citizens who may have had a religious motive to move were not allowed in the New colonies
3) The French government preferred its’ sugar and rum rich caribbean islands over the cold new colonies in Canada
4) The French government was more concerned with growing Frances’ power within Europe than expanding it in new colonies

This meant that French had to rely on its’ Native American allies, as they were majority of their collective group

Question 15

Who were the French Voyageurs? How’d they affect the Native Americans?

Answer 15

People of France who recruited Native Americans into the Fur trade; this allowed the Native Americans access to tools and weapons as well as the European economy

BUT, they fell to the vices of their culture such as alcohol, killing mass amounts of beaver, as well as contact with diseases

Question 16

Who were the Jesuits?

Answer 16

French Catholic missionaries hoping to save the Native Americans from the Fur-trappers; they were met with rejection and torture

Question 17

How were Florida and New Mexico different from other Spanish settlements?

Answer 17

These two were mostly missionary bases; in fact, they drained revenue

Question 18

What was the Protestant reformation?

Answer 18

When Henry VIII cut ties with the CoE, all protestants in England began to fight against the Catholics for their religion to dominate; this ended once the Protestant Queen Elizabeth I came to the throne, and made protestantism the main religion of England

-This began religious tension between Spain and England; Catholic nations like Ireland tried to get saved by Spain, but the Queen simply replaced their landlords with Protestant ones (led to long term confusion of identity within Ireland)

Question 19

What did England begin to do now that it had “resolved” it’s religious conflict?

Answer 19

English pirates began attacking Spain, trying to dominate and spread Protestantism over Catholicism

Sir Francis Drake seized a lot of gold and riches from a Spanish ship, and this voyage, secretly funded by the Queen, earned him the title of ‘knight’

Question 20

Who were the two failed English settlements?

Answer 20

Newfoundland- Humphrey Gilbert; died on journey

Roanoke Island- Water Raleigh, Gilbert’s half brother; the colony mysteriously disappeared

Question 21

What was the Spanish Armada and how did it affect Spain? What happened to the English-Spanish quarrel?

Answer 21

A large fleet of ships from Spain, under Philip II of Spain, which attempted to attack the seemingly unqualified English. The English, however, outmaneuvered them, and won the battle

This crumbled Spain’s ‘untouchable’ image, and gave patriotic countries longing for freedom such as the Spanish Netherlands and Caribbean a motivation to try to fight for their desires, which was a battle they won.

A peace treaty was signed

Question 22

Why did many English people move to the new colonies? (3)

Answer 22

1) farmers started losing their jobs due to economic depression and landlords enclosing farming regions
2) conditions for being poor in Europe were much worse than in the New colonies
3) Puritans wanted separation from England

Question 23

Why was the Virginia company formed and why did it execute the journey?

Answer 23

The investors were promised and assured of gold and other riches, while this colony would only stay for a few years, and then the investors could liquidate their funds and take them

Further, a charter, granting everyone who left the same direct English rights of rule, gave an even larger motivation and reason to go

Question 24

Why was Jamestown such a failure? Who partially stopped this? What happened to that person

Answer 24

A majority died due to poor conditions, but the rest died from simple pride; they believed, despite being on the brink of death, that farming and gathering were above them and refused to do so John Smith set up the "work=food" mindset, and gave people reason to try. ->However, he was kidnapped by the Powhatan tribe and saved by Pocahontas. Despite her best efforts, though, most colonists all died in the starving winter

Question 25

Why was De La Warr so significant as a person?

Answer 25

He forced the fatigued Jamestown colonists back when they tried to leave Further, he began the Anglo-Powhatan war by being prejudiced and generalizing, while also raiding all their supplies. One Large raid under the Virginia Company's orders began the first war

Question 26

How was the Anglo-Powhatan war resolved and what followed?

Answer 26

A peace treaty that was sealed by the marriage of John Rolfe and Pocahontas The Powhatans, still angry, attempted to uprise once more. The English received order to battle with no attempt for peace, and battles took place until all American Indians were driven out or killed (killed John Rolfe) Lastly, the Second Anglo-Powhatan war was the last NA attempt at reconquering, and they lost, signing a treaty which desolated the idea of trying to assimilate the Natives, banishing them

Question 27

How did the Dutch gain and establish power?

Answer 27

After help from England in the 80 years war, they escaped the grasp of Catholic Spain, and their golden age of art making them known, they were able to gain popularity They attacked their previous allies, the English, and proved to be equally skilled rivals

Question 28

Which Companies did the Dutch establish?

Answer 28

The Dutch East India Company: a powerful trading company which supported a huge military The Dutch West India Company: more concerned with raiding than trading, and managed to execute some very successful raids- it also established outposts for involvement in the sugar industry in Africa and Brazil

Question 29

How was New Netherlands founded and how did it function? How did a certain city function?

Answer 29

The Dutch recruited Henry Hudson, and he found the Hudson River. Within this area the Dutch West India Company established New Netherlands for quick access to the fur trade This region's rulers only truly cared about their revenue and profit, even at the expense of the colony New Amsterdam: mostly Despotic, as the there were strict rules; any disagreement with the Reformed Dutch Church would result in judgement

Question 30

How was society developed after certain Dutch uprisings?

Answer 30

Due to uprisings against corruption, a lawmaking body was eventually established a lawmaking body The Dutch colonies were prideful and aristocratic

Question 31

Why was the Dutch colony bound for failure?

Answer 31

They were selfish and imprudent; England now viewed them as a threat, their self-interested actions aggravated by the local Native Americans. Swedish colonists began to invade their land and establish New Sweden along it- But, the Dutch, under Stuyvesant, fought them and their short-term settlement faded

Question 32

Why did the Dutch Colony specifically fail? (why is it called new YORK?)

Answer 32

Charles II gifted the land to his brother, the Duke of York, and the two countries began a war Stuyvesant was forced to surrender due to a lack of resources, and the land was taken by England

Question 33

Why was New York so underdeveloped?

Answer 33

The influence of the Dutch autocracy remained while corrupt leaders took over and social status unjustly gave land to those higher on the 'ladder'- many Europeans did not want to be in such an area

Question 34

What was the last country to enter the exploration of the colonies?

Answer 34

The Netherlands; they had no lasting impact, and instead, introduced celebratory traditions and games (ex. Easter eggs)