APUSH Chapter 3

Question 1

Why was Virginia’s charter removed and how did they recover?

Answer 1

Due to the second Anglo-Powhatan war, the lack of gold cultivation, and the House of Burgesses being created as a local assembly, James I didn’t trust the colony to be independent

-John Rolfe introduced tobacco, allowing the economy to grow and the colony to be wealthy

Question 2

How was the sugar islands society set up?

Answer 2

Funded by the wealthiest of English society, it could afford many African slaves, unlike the chesapeake colonies; this land was achieved because Spain, who controlled most of it, was occupied by the rebellious netherlands

Because sugar took so much money, time, and space, other farmers and crops were driven off of the land, and the population was only people within the sugar industry

The Barbados Slave Code was established to control African slaves, as they greatly outnumbered the europeans, and was the first official labeling of “property” in relation to Africans; it also allowed their ‘owners’ to inflict harsh punishment to prevent rebellion

Question 3

How did the Maryland colony function/develop?

Answer 3

Lord Baltimore took over the n, and made it to be a safe-haven for Catholics from Protestant England; he allowed toleration of all religions, but when threats from Protestant neighboring colonies got serious, the Toleration Acts were passed by a local assembly

-> this allowed them safety in Catholicism while also driving out the Jews and atheists

Question 4

What was the English Civil War?

Answer 4

When Charles I called off parliament, and recalled it, its’ mutinous members found a greater role model, the Puritan Oliver Cromwell. They beheaded Charles I and allowed Cromwell to rule for ten years before Charles II came to power, ending the revolution

Question 5

Describe the significant details of the Carolinas

Answer 5

The farmers driven out of the Sugar Islands brought the Slave Code and the Carolinas adopted their own; they allied with Savannah Indians to help capture other NA’s, and they massacred these Indians when the alliance ended

These colonies were well funded, as they were established and granted to the Lords Proprietors (Charles II) and people within the sugar industry, and meant to support the sugar islands with food that they didn’t have the space to cultivate, and export non-european goods

They began rice cultivation and got African slaves, as they were both experienced and resistant to malaria, despite the contradictory desires of the Lords Proprietors

Question 6

How did the separation of the Carolinas come to be?

Answer 6

Many squatters from Virginia came to settle in North Carolina, making it a rather poor melting pot of a region. In comparison to its’ neighboring colonies on either side (SC and Virginia), it was low class, and rebelled against authority (small vendetta against the higher class bc of neighboring V/SC). Another individualistic trait of NC was that it opposed slavery, unlike the other two colonies.

Eventually, the friction between its’ governors led to a separation of the two regions

->However, NC and SC did help each other in the Tuscarora war and while driving out the Yamasees

Question 7

What was the purpose of establishing Georgia?

Answer 7

It was settled between Spanish-Florida and French-Louisiana to protect the Carolinas from attack; this colony couldn’t establish plantations and exported wine and silk

Oglethorpe, the man in charge, provided efficient military guidance, while also wanting the region to be a safety for those in debtors’ jail.

He also opposed slavery; the lack of slaves and constant attacks from neighboring colonies prevented the growth of Georgia

Religious toleration for everyone but catholics

Question 8

What was notable about the society of the Chesapeake colonies?

Answer 8

They weren’t very focused on religion, and had little churches or schools due to the spread out, sporadic placement of people for farming and agriculture (would be expensive)

Their main purpose was to farm crops/ cultivate exports, most significantly rice and tobacco

Question 9

Explain the difference/similarity between all religious groups in England that were described in the book

Answer 9

Martin Luther founded Lutheranism, claiming that the Bible was the only actual word of God, and that church officials could not spread new ones, such as indulgences

John Calvin spread the same ideas on a much larger scale, and came up with Predestination (that your fate was inevitable and assigned at birth) and conversion (the experience with God where he directly told you your fate)

Puritans: sought to purify/de-catholicize the CoE

Separatists: believed that only the “visible saints” who proved of their conversion should be within the Church, seeing the opposite of this, vowed to separate themselves with the CoE entirely

Quakers: believed everyone, not just special individuals, had the light of God within them.

Question 10

How was Massachusetts/ Plymouth colonized?

Answer 10

James I realized that religious rebellion could lead to political rebellion, and banished the separatists; they first landed in Holland but feared Dutchification, and negotiated with Virginia to live under its’ jurisdiction

But, its’ ship missed its mark, and they wandered on foot before deciding on Plymouth, which had been conveniently cleared out for NA expulsion

The winter killed many of the group, but they denied the opportunity to go back; they were then blessed the next year with crops and economic involvement (fish, fur of BEAVERS, and lumbering) and had the first thanksgiving

Question 11

What was the Mayflower Compact?

Answer 11

The first official document of self-government and majority rules

Question 12

What happened in the official Massachusetts Bay Colony?

Answer 12

Once they secured their charter, they brought it with them; Winthrop came into power and allowed the colony to prosper in its’ economic industries (ship building, fur, fish)

“City on the Hill”- a representation of the idea that the MBC would be the image of a perfect, Christian colony, and an example to all who need improvement

Question 13

How was government in the MBC?

Answer 13

It was organized with a rather tight Church-State bond, where only freeman (visible saints) could vote.

->Winthrop didn’t trust the common people, and believed strongly that the purpose of government was to enforce religious laws

Question 14

Why were Anne Hutchinson and Roger Williams banished?

Answer 14

Anne Hutchinson; believed that the “elected” did not have to follow moral laws because their fate was inevitable
-Further banished because she claimed that God gave her these revelations

Roger Williams: Questioned the ability of the gov. to control moral actions, and said that the puritans should separate from the church, and he also wanted fair treatment of Indians

Question 15

Explain the story of the Rhode Island Colony

Answer 15

Roger Williams, being banished and surviving, established this colony;

It had:
-Religious toleration
-separation of state and church
-voting rights on manhood
-housed squatters

this colony was given a charter, as the king wanted control over the most liberal

Question 16

Explain Connecticut’s colonization

Answer 16

Puritans arrived in Hartford; established the Fundamental Orders as a government system, which would later inspire their constitution and charter
-Democratic

New Haven attempt to become a main colony with an even tighter Church-State alliance than MBC, but, housing two of the people against Charles II’s father in the English Civil War, they were denied and even given over to Connecticut, forcing them under democratic ruling

Question 17

What was the relation of MCB, Maine, and New Hampshire?

Answer 17

Maine was pre-established, and successful in the fishing industry, and fell under MBC until it became a separate colony

New Hampshire was successful in the fishing and fur industries, and MBC tried to absorb it under a strained interpretation of their charter; this annoyed the king and he made NH its’ own royal colony

Question 18

What was King Philip’s war? What was the Pequot war?

Answer 18

There was previously a peace treaty signed at the first thanksgiving, but these two wars contradicted that

Pequot war: They were in the Connecticut River /Valley and the English massacred them

King Philip’s war: the NA found that the only way to avoid English encroachment was to attack; Metacom, a Native American, gathered an army of displaced NA, and attacked many English settlements- he was captured and killed (devastation to NA population)

Question 19

How did the English Civil War affect the colonies? What wars followed?

Answer 19

With occupation in internal affairs, the Puritan colonies created the New England Confederation as a protection method- this was the first experiment in inter-colonial affairs

Once this war ended, Charles II became interested in the colonies, and he revoked MBC charter, and gave Connecticut and Rhode island theirs

Charles II’s heir, James II, sought to become further involved with the colonies and established the Navigation Laws, putting English tax and trade relations to interrupt any other attempted trade with outside countries

He also tried to establish the Dominion of New England, where he conjoined all of the colonies, and he put Andros in charge, who exploited his power and used his personal bias when making rules, despite the vaguely similar societal practices of the land he owned

The Glorious Revolution followed, and the new rulers partook in the “salutary neglect” of the colonies- proving to them that they didn’t truly need the crown to be successful

Question 20

Explain Pennsylvania’s founding?

Answer 20

William Penn was a quaker, these people reused to pay church taxes, spoke up for themselves in meetings, and opposed slavery and war

Penn established Pennsylvania as a safe-haven for quakers; he advertised it entirely truthfully, allowing people of all religions, ethnic backgrounds, and beliefs

The population grew substantially due to squatters surrounding the colony

Question 21

How were Penn-NA relations?

Answer 21

Very good; Penn arrived and negotiated land with NA unarmed and civilly; he even welcomed them into his colony
-> However, as prejudiced European immigrants entered his colony, they established their own personal views

Question 22

How was Pennsylvania structured?

Answer 22

-opposed slavery
-no church or military obligations
-No death penalty
-Everyone could vote (later changed to exclude Jews and Catholics)
This society held the torch for hope of inclusion in the future

Question 23

Explain the Middle Colonies structure?

Answer 23

-Exported grain and depended on river systems
-Access to woods gave them a lumbering/shipbuilding industry
-Town assemblies for meetings

-Governed their own social systems and grew in transportation and communications