APUSH unit 7

Question 1

What were arguments over imperialism?

Answer 1

-People wanted to expand for economic opportunity, nationalism, spreading democracy, and building their nation
->The** Anti-imperialist League **formed particularly after the annexing of the Philippines and Puerto Rico, as it raised debates as to whether or not control there was moral

The Insular cases ruled that no population in a US territory would have citizenship, creating more debates

Roosevelt’s Big Stick Policy allowed him to control both Panama and the rest of Latin America

Woodrow Wilson opted for moral diplomacy and pulled troops out of territories

Question 2

What were reforms made in the progressive era?

Answer 2

-Reforms were primarily pushed for by Muckrakers, who published articles about practices and inequality to orchestrate change

Economic:
-Ida Tarbell and Upton Sinclair revealed the truths about the Standard Oil Trust and the Meat Packing industry
->Trust busting began, first with the sherman anti-trust act, then with the Clayton anti-trust act; the Fair Labor Standards act and other additions to working conditions helped change them
->The Pure Food and Drug Act as well as the Meat Inspection Act passed to increase consumer protection
-The 16th amendment was passed

Political:
-The 17th, 18th, and 19th amendments were passed
-Initiative, referendum, recall, direct primary, secret ballot
-scientific management and pragmatism; government intervention to fix economy and injustice

Question 3

How did Roosevelt, Taft, and Wilsons policies differ or change?

Answer 3

Roosevelt:
-increased government intervention; New Nationalism
-Military occupation/imperialism (Big Stick)
-Elkins/Hepburn Act

Taft:
-Dollar diplomacy; government power goes up, prosperous business economy with high tariffs
->Mann-Elkins Act, 16th amendment

Wilson: Moral Diplomacy
-More intense trust busting; New Freedom is decreased government and big business
-Pulls out troops- puerto rico citizenship/Jones Act
-Clayton anti-trust

Question 4

Why did the US join the war and what were the effects?

Answer 4

-Economic ties/ loan granting
-The Lusitania
-Sussex pledge violation
-Zimmermann Telegram
-Russian Revolution
->Pershings forces are sent in; armistace is reached

Big Four meetings for the Treaty of Versailles determine Germany’s reperations and created the League of Nations
-Irreconcilables and Reservationists under Cabot Lodge are against the League of Nations (Article X)
->It is never passed; the US partakes in the Dawes Plan/facilitates it

Question 5

How did WWI affect the home front?

Answer 5

Decrease in civil liberties
-Espionage/sedition->Schenck v. US
-Food, Fuel, Labor, Railroad administration
-Propoganda for liberty bonds
-Mexicans deported

More opportunities
-More agricultural demand
-Woman get to experience employment
-African Americans move North in Great Migration
->Race Riots because of economic competition

Post War
-Pandemic led to decreased morale
-Farming experinces deflation
-Nativism goes up against (Quota Laws) “unwanted immigrants”
-Red Scare -> Palmer Raids

Question 6

What technological and cultural trends emerged in the 1920s?

Answer 6

Technological:
-Assembly lines, fuel (oil/electricity)
-Suburbs and automobiles lead to demograpic changes
-Advertising and consumer appliances arises
-Living standard goes up for everyone
-Welfare capitalism/ open shop policy

Cultural:
-women break out of gender roles
-education increases
-Lost generation writers
-Harlem Renaissance (Jazz, poets)
-Back-to-Africa, isolationist movement by Marcus Garvey

Debates:
-Fundementalism vs. Modernism-> scopes trial/revivalists
-prohibtion ->Organized crimes -> 21st amendment
->Republicans like the experiment while democrats are split
-KKK Membership increases
-

Question 7

What were the causes and effects of the Great Depression? How did Hoover and FDR deal with it?

Answer 7

Causes:
-Speculation/buying on margain
-Farming struggles
-wealth gap
-Laissez faire
-consumer appliances
-Federal Reserve board not adjusting to economic changes

Effects:
-Migration to cities + Dust Bowl
-banks close
-production stops
-income decreases
-homelessness increases

Hoover: Self-reliance-> Hawley-Smoot Tariff, halts Dawes Plan
-> Hurt global economy
-Enacts RFC and Farm loan act too late and trickle down economics fails
-Bonus March and Farm Holiday Association

FDR: New Deal
Recovery: Bank Holiday + Emergency Banking Relief Act, FDIC, Glass-Steagull, Security and Exchange Commission

Relief: PWA, CCC, NIRA, AAA, TVA

Reform: Fair labor standards act, Wagner Act

Opposition: Either from too much (Court Reorganization plan) or too little gov power
Huey Long: Share Our Wealth
Townsend: Social Security

Question 8

What were the causes and effect of WWII?

Answer 8

Despite neutrality being a large desire through groups like the America First Committee, economic ties to other countries helped the US slowly enter the war
-Cash and carry
-lend and lease
-preparedness/quaratine plan/ selective service and training act
-Atlantic Charter

-US enters WWII because of Pearl Harbor (occurs because of oil embargo against Japan)

Effects
-Industry booms as federal spending increase (WPB, OWB, OPA) rationing leads to black market
-Manhattan project begun
-Women in jobs; Mexican experience Bracero Program and Zoot Suit Riots; AA get 8802 after march is threatened on washington, Double-V campaign, Japanese americans face** 9066** (upheld by Korematsu v. US)

-Goals for Germany: stops subs and bomb; operation torch under Eisenhower leads to D-Day and then V-E day

-Japanese stopped expanding with Battle of Midway; Island hopping -> Kamikaze soldiers -> Atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki -> V-J day

-United States big in peace making because of a lack of internal destruction; spreads democracy and capitalism
->Yalta: plans for German punishment + USSR territory gain; Potsdam: increased tension and unconditional Japanese surrender

-Tension with USSR over Atomic Bomb, which they veto the regulation of at the United Nations conference