Chapter 18

Question 1

Structural Organization of the Body

Answer 1

o Cell- basic unit of life.
o Tissues- group of similar cells from the same source that together carry out a specific function.
o Organ- composed of two or more types of tissues (grouped within body systems).
o Body Systems- composed of several organs and their related structures.
o Organism- made up of many body systems that work together to maintain homeostasis of body.

Question 2

Body Tissues

Answer 2

o Epithelial (covers and lines): Examples: skin, glands, lining of the organs.
o Connective (joins together): Example: bones, blood, tendons.
o Muscle (contracts): Example: cardiac (in heart), smooth (in vessels/organs), and skeletal (voluntary
muscles).
o Nervous (causes electric potential): Example: neurons moving impulses through the body

Question 3

Body Systems
Hint: Use alphabet for guidance

Answer 3

o Blood
o Cardiovascular
o Endocrine
o Gastrointestinal
o Integumentary
o Lymphatic and Immune
o Musculoskeletal
o Nervous
o Reproductive
o Respiratory
o Sensory
o Urinary

Question 4

Blood

Answer 4

(uses arteries/veins to transport blood cells, oxygen and nutrients around the body)

Question 5

Cardiovascular

Answer 5

(uses arteries/veins to transport with help of the heart pumping blood)

Question 6

Endocrine system

Answer 6

(ductless system that uses hormones to regulate body function)

Question 7

Gastrointestinal

Answer 7

(system that breaks down, absorbs, and digests food for nutrients)

Question 8

Integumentary

Answer 8

(protection system of the body; skin)

Question 9

Lymphatic and Immune system

Answer 9

(protects the body from invaders and disease)

Question 10

Musculoskeletal

Answer 10

(support system for movement; bones and muscles)

Question 11

Nervous

Answer 11

(receives and processes information for body functions)

Question 12

Reproductive

Answer 12

(system that produces hormones and supports human reproduction)

Question 13

Respiratory

Answer 13

(removes carbon dioxide from blood and functions to deliver oxygen to the cells)

Question 14

Sensory

Answer 14

(gathers information for the nervous system through vision, hearing, taste, touch, and smell)

Question 15

Urinary system

Answer 15

(eliminates waste from the body)

Question 16

What is Decodable terms?

Answer 16

terms that can be broken into their Greek and Latin word parts and given a
definition based on the meanings of the word parts.(Combining form, suffix, and Prefix)

Question 17

Define Prefix

Answer 17

word part that appears at the beginning of a term.

Question 18

Define Combining form

Answer 18

includes a word root with its respective combining vowel.

Question 19

Define Suffix

Answer 19

word part that appears at the end of a term.

Question 20

What is Non-decodable terms?

Answer 20

words created without word parts that can be used to define them.(Abbreviations, Acronyms, and Symbols)

Question 21

Define Abbreviations

Answer 21

Terms that have been shortened to letters or numbers for the sake of
convenience. Can be letters or letters/numbers.

Question 22

Define Acronyms

Answer 22

Abbreviations that are also pronounceable.

Question 23

Define Symbols

Answer 23

Graphic representation of terms.

Question 24

Directional Terms Include:

Answer 24

-Up/down
-Front/back
-Towards/away from body
-Towards/away from middle
-Sides of the body
-Depth Terms

Question 25

Up/down

Answer 25

▪ Superior (super/o) : above or upward. ▪ Inferior (infer/o): below or downward.

Question 26

Front/back:

Answer 26

▪ Ventral (ventr/o) or Anterior anter/o): belly side or front side. ▪ Dorsal (dors/o) or Posterior (poster/o): Back side.

Question 27

Distal (dist/o)/ Proximal (proxim/o):

Answer 27

far away from the origin trunk of body / close to near to the origin trunk of body.

Question 28

Towards/away from middle:

Answer 28

▪ Lateral (later/o): away from the midline. ▪ Medial (medi/o): towards the midline.

Question 29

Sides of the body:

Answer 29

▪ Unilateral (one side) ▪ Bilateral (both sides) ▪ Ipsilateral (same side) ▪ Contralateral (opposite side)

Question 30

Depth Terms:

Answer 30

▪ Superficial (towards the surface of the body) ▪ Deep (away from the surface of the body)

Question 31

What body cavities are there?

Answer 31

-Cranial (crani/o): brain and vessels -Dorsal (dors/o): includes brain and spinal column -Vertebral (vertebr/o): includes spinal column -Thoracic (thorac/o): heart/lungs -Abdominal (abdomin/o): stomach, intestines, gall bladder, liver, and digestive organs. -Pelvic (pelv/o or pelv/i): bladder, reproductive organs, rectum.

Question 32

Abdominopelvic Quadrants

Answer 32

o Divided into 4 quadrants: o Left lower: sigmoid colon, bladder, and intestines. o Left upper: stomach, pancreas, and transverse colon. o Right lower: appendix, duodenum, and ascending colon. o Right upper: liver, gall bladder, right kidney.

Question 33

Body Planes

Answer 33

-Transverse (divides superior and inferior) -Frontal/Coronal (divides front from back) -Sagittal/Lateral (divides down the middle (left and right)