Chapter 34

Question 1

What is another name for the gastrointestinal (GI) system?

Answer 1

The digestive system

Question 2

What are the two main structural components of the GI system?

Answer 2

The GI tract and accessory organs

Question 3

Where does the gastrointestinal tract begin and end?

Answer 3

Begins in the mouth and ends at the anus

Question 4

What is the function of accessory organs?

Answer 4

They secret fluids that help desk break down and digest food.

Question 5

Name the accessory organs of digestion.

Answer 5

These organs include salivary glands, gall bladder, liver, and pancreas

Question 6

What is ingestion?

Answer 6

The intake of food and liquids into the body

Question 7

What is digestion?

Answer 7

The breakdown of food into chemical substances.

Question 8

What is absorption?

Answer 8

The passage of substances and liquids through the GI lining into body fluids and tissues.

Question 9

What is excretion?

Answer 9

Elimination of indigestible materials and waste products of metabolism.

Question 10

What is hematochezia?

Answer 10

Bloody stool

Question 11

What is melena?

Answer 11

Black, tarry stools

Question 12

What is pyrosis?

Answer 12

Heartburn

Question 13

What is dyspepsia?

Answer 13

Indigestion

Question 14

What is halitosis?

Answer 14

Bad-smelling breath

Question 15

What is hematemesis?

Answer 15

Vomiting blood

Question 16

What causes jaundice?

Answer 16

Elevated bilirubin levels

Question 17

What does a Hida scan evaluate?

Answer 17

Hepatobiliary (liver and gallbladder) function

Question 18

What does ERCP stand for?

Answer 18

Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography

Question 19

What imaging test uses sound waves to visualize organs?

Answer 19

US (ultrasound)

Question 20

What does capsule endoscopy involve?

Answer 20

Swallowing a camera capsule to visualize the GI tract

Question 21

What does the FIT test look for?

Answer 21

Fecal occult blood/ Blood hidden in stool/ immunochemical test

Question 22

What organism is tested for in H. pylori testing?

Answer 22

Helicobacter pylori

Question 23

What does O&P stand for and what does it test for?

Answer 23

Ova and Parasites looks for parasites in the stool

Question 24

What lab test measures bilirubin levels?

Answer 24

Total bilirubin

Question 25

How is a guaiac fecal occult blood test collected?

Answer 25

2-3 stool samples within 3 days, collected at home/ Guaiac is a chemical that reacts with blood in stools. Stool is placed on a placard and color will turn purple if positive.

Question 26

What does the Cologuard test detect?

Answer 26

DNA markers and occult hemoglobin

Question 27

What is endoscopy?

Answer 27

Testing using a scope to examine the intestinal tract

Question 28

How is an upper GI endoscopy performed?

Answer 28

Scope inserted into the mouth to view the esophagus and stomach.

Question 29

How is a colonoscopy performed?

Answer 29

Scope inserted through the anus to view the colon.

Question 30

What causes a cleft lip?

Answer 30

Upper lip tissues fail to completely join before birth

Question 31

What causes cleft palate?

Answer 31

Palate tissues fail to completely join before birth.

Question 32

What is thrush?

Answer 32

Yeast infection of the mouth and tongue

Question 33

What is herpetic stomatitis?

Answer 33

Inflammation of the mouth caused by blisters/ cold sores.

Question 34

What is GERD?

Answer 34

Gastrointestinal esophageal reflux disease, Weakened or abnormal lower esophageal sphincter

Question 35

What is hiatal hernia?

Answer 35

Upper stomach pushed through the diaphragm

Question 36

What is an inguinal hernia?

Answer 36

Bulge in the groin into the scrotum

Question 37

What is an umbilical hernia?

Answer 37

Bulge at the belly button

Question 38

What is cyclic vomiting syndrome?

Answer 38

Sudden, repeated episodes of vomiting.

Question 39

What is dumping syndrome?

Answer 39

Rapid gastric emptying

Question 40

What is gastroparesis?

Answer 40

Slowed gastric emptying and motility

Question 41

What causes peptic ulcers?

Answer 41

Breakdown of stomach or duodenal lining

Question 42

What are esophageal varicies?

Answer 42

Enlarges esophageal veins that can rupture

Question 43

What is barrettes esophagus?

Answer 43

Esophageal lining changes to resemble intestinal lining.

Question 44

What is appendicitis?

Answer 44

inflammation of the appendix

Question 45

What is diverticulitis?

Answer 45

Inflammation of small pouches in the large intestine

Question 46

What are hemorrhoids?

Answer 46

Swollen veins in the anus/ lower rectum

Question 47

What is celiac disease?

Answer 47

Immune reaction to gluten damaging the small intestine.

Question 48

Difference between Crohn's and ulcerative colitis?

Answer 48

UC starts in rectum/ colon; Crohn's can affect any GI area

Question 49

What is IBS

Answer 49

Irritable Bowel Syndrome; a functional bowel disorder without colon damage

Question 50

What is pyloric stenosis?

Answer 50

Narrowing of pylorus causing forceful vomiting

Question 51

What is the Pylorus?

Answer 51

The distal part of the stomach that connects to the duodenum and regulates gastric emptying.

Question 52

What is intussusception?

Answer 52

One part of intestine slides into another

Question 53

What is volvulus?

Answer 53

Twisting of intestine causing obstruction

Question 54

What is cholelithiasis?

Answer 54

Gallstones blocking the bile duct

Question 55

What are sialoliths?

Answer 55

Crystalized saliva deposits blocking saliva flow

Question 56

What is pancreatitis?

Answer 56

Inflammation of the pancreas

Question 57

How is Hepatitis A and E transmitted?

Answer 57

Ingestion of contaminated food or drink

Question 58

How is Hepatitis B, C, and D transmitted?

Answer 58

Blood or bodily fluids

Question 59

What is cirrhosis?

Answer 59

Chronic liver damage with scar tissue replacement

Question 60

What is ascites?

Answer 60

Fluid buildup in the abdominal cavity