Chapter 23

Question 1

An/-

Answer 1

Without

Question 2

Lact/o-

Answer 2

Lactation or milk

Question 3

Macro-

Answer 3

Large

Question 4

Micro

Answer 4

Small

Question 5

Ase-

Answer 5

Enzymes (breaks down)

Question 6

Dys-

Answer 6

Painful

Question 7

Gastro

Answer 7

Stomach

Question 8

Gly-

Answer 8

Refers to sugars

Question 9

Metabolism

Answer 9

The process used to obtain or make energy from food eaten.

Question 10

Catabolism

Answer 10

Process of braking down molecules into smaller molecules, resulting in the release of energy.

Question 11

Anabolism

Answer 11

Process of using energy to make smaller molecules into larger molecules.

Question 12

What affects the BMR (Basal metabolic rate)

Answer 12

Genetics, gender, age, weight, body surface area, body fat, percentage, diet, body temperature, different drugs

Question 13

Nutrient Components

Answer 13

Carbs, protein, fat, minerals and electrolytes, vitamins, antioxidants, water

Question 14

How many vitamins needed for the body to function properly

Answer 14

Thirteen vitamins required by the
body to get the recommended
dietary allowance (RDA)

Question 15

Antioxidants

Answer 15

• Protect cells from
  free radicals and
  limit the damage
  free radicals can do
  to the cells
• Powerful and
  beneficial for us
• Include vitamins A,
  C, and E; beta-carotene, lycopene,
  lutein, and selenium

Question 16

Fiber

Answer 16

• Found in fruits/vegetables and
  is not digestible.
  Functions:
• Lowers cholesterol
• Normalizes bowel
  movements/function
• Contributes to prevention of
  colorectal cancers
• Controls weight by helping you
  feel full
• Helps control blood sugars

Question 17

What are proteins made of?

Answer 17

Amino Acids (essential, nonessential, and conditional)

Question 18

What are the functions of protein?

Answer 18

Grow and repair body tissues; provide energy when carbohydrate and fat stores are depleted

Question 19

What are functions of fats in the body?

Answer 19

Fuel storage, insulation of organs, and control of inflammation

Question 20

What are saturated fats?

Answer 20

Fats that are solid at room temperature

Question 21

What are unsaturated fats?

Answer 21

Fats that are liquid at room temperature

Question 22

What are trans fatty acids?

Answer 22

Fats created during food manufacturing

Question 23

What are minerals?

Answer 23

Naturally occurring inorganic substances

Question 24

What are major (macro) minerals?

Answer 24

Minerals needed by the body in larger amounts

Question 25

What are trace (micro) minerals?

Answer 25

Minerals needed by the body in smaller amounts

Question 26

What are electrolytes?

Answer 26

Minerals in body fluids that carry and electrical charge

Question 27

Foods high in potassium

Answer 27

Oranges, banana, broccoli, potatoes, tomatoes

Question 28

Foods high in calcium

Answer 28

Milk, sardines, OJ, bread

Question 29

Foods high in Iron

Answer 29

Red meat, liver, raisins, tomato juice, dried fruit

Question 30

sources of flouride

Answer 30

Fluoridated water and toothpaste

Question 31

Sources of iodine

Answer 31

Seafood and iodized salt

Question 32

What are water-soluble vitamins?

Answer 32

Vitamins that dissolve in water (b-vitamins and Vitamin C)

Question 33

What are fat-soluble vitamins?

Answer 33

Vitamins A, D, E, and K

Question 34

What do antioxidants do?

Answer 34

Help protect cells from damage caused by free radicals

Question 35

What percentage of the body is water?

Answer 35

About 80%

Question 36

Why is water essential for survival?

Answer 36

The body can survive longer without food than water

Question 37

How does water regulate body temperature?

Answer 37

Through perspiration (sweating)

Question 38

How does water help digestion?

Answer 38

Helps prevent and relieve constipation

Question 39

How does water protect the body?

Answer 39

Cushions joints; protects the spinal cord, brain, and sensitive tissues

Question 40

How does water help eliminate waste?

Answer 40

Removes waste products from the body

Question 41

What consists of a clear liquid diet

Answer 41

Liquids that are clear at room temperature, no milk

Question 42

What consists of a full liquid diet?

Answer 42

Liquids at room temperature, including milk

Question 43

What does a soft diet consist of?

Answer 43

Transition between liquid and regular diet

Question 44

What does a mechanical soft diet consist of?

Answer 44

Foods prepared for easier chewing or swallowing (blended or chopped)

Question 45

What does a low-fiber diet consist of?

Answer 45

Makes stools smaller and less irritating to the bowels

Question 46

What does a high-fiber diet consist of?

Answer 46

Adds fiber to bulk up stools

Question 47

What does a bland diet consist of?

Answer 47

Soft, low-fiber diet that removes irritating foods (spicy, fried, raw)

Question 48

What does a diabetic diet consist of?

Answer 48

Focuses on monitoring carbohydrate intake

Question 49

What does a low-sodium diet consist of?

Answer 49

Recommended for high blood pressure and heart or kidney disease

Question 50

What is the Dash diet?

Answer 50

Dietary approach designed to treat hypertension

Question 51

What is a heart healthy diet?

Answer 51

Simila to DASH; limits sodium, added sugar, and saturated fats

Question 52

What is a low-protein diet?

Answer 52

Limits protein intake to reduce stress on the kidneys

Question 53

What is a gluten-free diet?

Answer 53

Eliminates wheat and barley; used for celiac disease

Question 54

What is the BRAT diet?

Answer 54

Bananas, rice, applesauce, and tea; used for diarrhea or GI upset

Question 55

What is a lactose intolerant diet?

Answer 55

Dairy-free diet

Question 56

What is a ketogenic diet?

Answer 56

Very low carbohydrate and high fat diet