MA Chapter Reviews > Chapter 41 > Flashcards

Chapter 41 Flashcards

Respiratory System (78 cards)

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1
Q

Furc/o

A

Branch/forked

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2
Q

Bronchi/o, Bronch/o

A

Bronchus

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3
Q

Thorac/o, Pector/o

A

Chest

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4
Q

Phren/o

A

diaphragm

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5
Q

Laryng/o

A

Larynx

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6
Q

Pneumon/o, Pulmon/o

A

Lung

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7
Q

Rhin/o, nas/o

A

Nose

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8
Q

Trache/o

A

Trachea

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9
Q

Aer/o

A

Air

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10
Q

Pnu/o, Spir/o

A

Breathing

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11
Q

Pleur/o

A

Pluera

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12
Q

Sin/o, sinus/o

A

Sinus

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13
Q

Alveol/o

A

Alveolus, air sac

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14
Q

Epiglott/o

A

Epiglottis

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15
Q

Function of the Respiratory System

A

Breathes in air (oxygen), then uses the o2 for our body tissues, breathes out air (co2) back into the atmosphere, helps maintain our acid/base balance in the body.

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16
Q

What does the Upper Respiratory Tract include?

A

The nose and the Larynx and Pharynx

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17
Q

Function of the upper respiratory tract?

A

Warming and cleaning the inspired air, serving as a passageway for air and providing the sense of smell.

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18
Q

Where is the pharynx located?

A

Located behind the nose and mouth all the way down to the esophagus.

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19
Q

Nasopharynx

A

Naso-nose, pharynx-throat
Passageway for only air.

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20
Q

Structures of Lower Respiratory Tract

A

Trachea, Brochial Tubes, and lungs

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21
Q

Lung Structures

A

Bronchial Tree and Alveoli

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22
Q

How many lobes does the right and left lung have?

A

Right lung has 3 lobes and Left lobe has 2 lobes

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23
Q

Define-Ventilation

A

Movement of gases between lungs and the environment.

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24
Q

What are the two parts of Ventilation

A

Inspiration (breathing in) and Expiration (breathing out)

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25
What two things happen during ventilation in the body?
External Respiration (oxygenated air moves into the alveoli to be exchanged in the capillaries) Internal Respiration (O2 is exchanges for CO2 between the cells in the body and the blood)
26
At what age do the lungs reach maturity?
Age 20-25
27
At what age do Lungs start to decline?
Age 35
28
Define: Dyspnea
Difficulty Breathing (SOB)
29
Define: Shortness of Breath (SOB)
Feeling like you can't get enough air.
30
Define: Apnea
W/o Breath or stopping and starting breathing while sleeping.
31
Define: Bradypnea
Abnormally slow breathing
32
Define: Hyperpnea
Deep Breathing/ Forced respiration
33
Define: Hyperventilation
Rapid/ Deep Breathing/ can be caused by anxiety or panic.
34
Define: Orthopnea
SOB while lying, improved by standing or sitting
35
Define: Tachypnea
Abnormally rapid breathing
36
What is Epiglottitis?
Life threatening inflammation of the Epiglottis
37
Signs and Symptoms of Epiglotitis
Sore throat, fever, muffled/hoarse voice, high pitched sound when breathing in/ stridor, dyspnea, dysphagia, drooling.
38
How is Epiglottis diagnosed?
Physical exam by provider
39
How is Epiglotitis treated?
OTC medication
40
What is sinusitis?
Inflammation of the sinuses.
41
Signs and Symptoms of Sinusitis
Pain, swelling and tenderness around cheeks, eyes, and forehead, blocked/ runny nose, reduced smell, green/yellow mucus from nose, and high temperature.
42
How is Sinusitis diagnosed?
The provider will complete a past history and physical examination, sinus x-ray may also be performed.
43
How is Sinusitis treated?
Antibiotics, decongestants, and OTC analgesics. Patient may be encouraged to apply warm compresses to the sinus area, administer saline nasal sprays, and use a vaporizer.
44
What is Strep throat?
Highly contagious bacterial infection of the throat
45
Signs and Symptoms of Strep Throat
Throat pain that comes on quickly, dysphagia, red and swollen tonsils, white patches or streaks of pus, tiny red spots roof of mouth, swollen/ tender lymph nodes, fever, headache, rash.
46
How is strep throat diagnosed?
History and physical done by provider, rapid antigen test, and a throat culture can be done.
47
How is Strep throat treated?
antibiotics, antipyretics, and OTC analgesics. Patients encouraged to rest, drink plenty of fluids, gargle with warm salt water, and use a humidifier. Stay home until they have been on antibiotics for at least 24 hours.
48
What is Croup?
inflammation of the trachea and Larynx
49
Signs and symptoms of Croup
Harsh bark-like cough, Retractions (lung tissue pulled in during breathing)
50
How is Croup diagnosed?
History and physical exam done by provider, Additional tests and chest x-ray may be completed.
51
How is Croup treated?
Antipyretics, humidifier, bed rest, increase fluid intake. Patient encouraged to sit up to breathe easier, in severe cases hospitalization with antibiotics and O2 therapy may be necessary.
52
What is influenza?
Acute Viral infection (flu)
53
Signs and Symptoms of Influenza
Cough, headache, muscle aches, lethargy, sweating, and chills.
54
How is the Flu diagnosed?
History and physical exam, NP swab, rapid influenza test to diagnose.
55
How is the Flu treated?
Bed rest, increased fluids, antiviral medications, and OTC analgesics. Yearly vaccine recommended
56
What is Pertussis?
Bacterial infection of the respiratory system, (Whooping cough)
57
Signs and Symptoms of Pertussis
Low fever, sneezing, vomiting, runny nose, watery eyes, choking after coughing, mild cough, rib fracture, exhaustion after coughing.
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How is pertussis diagnosed?
Medical History and physical exam completed by doctor, NP swab/ Pertussis swab (PCR)
59
How is pertussis treated?
Antibiotics, patient encouraged to stay home, rest, and use a humidifier, Patient encouraged to use good hand hygiene to eliminate transmission. DTAP and TDAP vaccines available.
60
What is Acute Bronchitis?
Acute inflammation of the lining of the bronchial tubes
61
Signs and Symptoms of Acute Bronchitis
Becomes irritated, swollen, and narrow. Excessive Mucus production. Increased coughing.
62
Potential causes of Acute Bronchitis
Usually caused by a lower respiratory infection such as, Common cold, flu and pertussis.
63
How is Acute Bronchitis treated?
Cough drops and a humidifier. Patients encouraged to drink plenty of fluids and get adequate rest. OTC medications used for fever and body aches, stop smoking and using E-cigarettes.
64
How is Acute Bronchitis diagnosed?
Medical history and physical exam done by the provider, chest x-ray, SPO2 to check O2 levels in patient.
65
What is Pneumonia?
Infection in the lungs
66
Signs and Symptoms of Pneumonia?
67
How is Pneumonia diagnosed?
68
What is a Pulmonary embolism?
Blood Clot in the pulmonary arteries, blocking blood flow, can be life threatening.
68
How is Pneumonia treated?
69
Sings and Symptoms of a pulmonary embolism?
70
How is a Pulmonary embolism diagnosed?
71
How is a pulmonary embolism treated?
72
What is pulmonary TB (tuberculosis)?
Caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis bacteria
73
Signs and Symptoms of Pulmonary TB(tuberculosis)
74
How is Pulmonary TB(Tuberculosis) diagnosed?
75
What does Peak flow measue?
The amount of air exhaled from the lungs; done in the office
76
What does the incentive spirometer measure?
The amount of air inhaled into the lungs; done in the office
77
What does spirometry evaluate in an outpatient setting?
Overall lung function both inhaled and exhaled.
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