Chapter 46

Question 1

Aliquot

Answer 1

A portion of a well-mixed sample removed for testing

Question 2

Exudate

Answer 2

Fluids with high concentrations of protein and cellular debris that have escaped from the blood vessels and have been deposited in tissues or on tissue surfaces

Question 3

POCT

Answer 3

Point of care testing; any testing done outside of a main laboratory setting.

Question 4

Types of POCT collections

Answer 4

Nasal/ Nasopharyngeal, Throat swabs, Capillary puncture, Urine collection

Question 5

Types of POCT Nasal/ Nasopharyngeal

Answer 5

Covic, Influenza or RSV

Question 6

Types of POCT throat swabs

Answer 6

Throat cultures and strep testing

Question 7

Types of POCT Capillary Punctures

Answer 7

Used for blood collections, blood sugar, lead, hba1c, hgb, and mono

Question 8

Types of POCT Urine collections

Answer 8

Urinalysis and hcg

Question 9

CLIA

Answer 9

Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments

Question 10

When was CLIA law passed and what is its purpose?

Answer 10

1988, Establishes quality standards for all clinical laboratory testing

Question 11

Types of CLIA testing complexities

Answer 11

Low Complexity tests-POCT, Moderate Complexity tests- only qualified personnel can perform, gram stain procedures, UA, and hematology (by Venipuncture), High complexity tests-Not performed in the POL, performed in the hospital or reference lab, Pathology and cytology

Question 12

Quality Assurance

Answer 12

Written policies and procedures that assure monitoring of all processes involved before, during, and after a laboratory test is performed to produce reliable patient test results

Question 13

Quality Control

Answer 13

Ensures the reliability of test results. After using manufactured samples with known values.

Question 14

OSHA

Answer 14

Occupation Safety and Health Administration

Question 15

What does OSHA do

Answer 15

Ensures a system of safeguards and regulations for safe working conditions.

Question 16

What programs have been mandated in the lab to establish safety of personnel while working in the lab?

Answer 16

Exposure to hazardous materials and Exposure to blood borne pathogens

Question 17

Bloodborne Pathogens Standards
When did it become a law and what is its purpose?

Answer 17

Law since 1992 that regulates the handling of blood and blood products.

Question 18

Written Exposure plan for Bloodborne Pathogens Standards

Answer 18

Written job categories of employees at risk of exposure, HBV vaccination guidelines, Record of initial and annual Universal precautions training, Definition and listing of safe work practices (PPE, sharps containers), and Sharps injury log.

Question 19

Chemical Safety for Bloodborne Pathogens standards

Answer 19

Utilizing SDS for proper handling, storage, disposal and first aid measures.

Question 20

Standard Lab Precautions

Answer 20

Hand hygiene, wearing proper PPE when handling specimens, safe needle practices, safe handling and potentially contaminated equipment, and respiratory hygiene/ cough etiquette.

Question 21

Physical Lab Hazards

Answer 21

electrical, fire, and mechanical hazards

Question 22

When and how do you use an eye wash station?

Answer 22

When chemicals get into your eyes, remove contacts/ glasses and flush with stead water stream for 15 minutes while holding eyelids open.

Question 23

What is Chain of Custody?

Answer 23

used for Forensic and legal specimens to make them consistent with established standards designed by the law

Question 24

What is a Microscope used for?

Answer 24

Used to view small objects too small to see with the naked eye

Question 25

What is a centrifuge used for?

Answer 25

Machine that rapidly spins specimens to separate solids from a liquid using gravitational force (g-force)

Question 26

What is an incubator used for?

Answer 26

Cabinet that maintains a constant temperature and used to maintain microorganism specimens to grow

Question 27

Analyte

Answer 27

The substance or chemical being analyzed or detected in a specimen.

Question 28

Anticoagulant

Answer 28

Category of medication or a chemical that prevents clotting of blood.

Question 29

Aseptically

Answer 29

Free from living pathogenic organisms

Question 30

Aspirate

Answer 30

To withdraw fluid using suction.

Question 31

Calibration

Answer 31

Determining the accuracy of an instrument by comparing its output with that of a known standard or another instrument known to be accurate.

Question 32

Caustic

Answer 32

Capable of burning, corroding, or damaging tissue by chemical action.

Question 33

Control Materials

Answer 33

Manufacturer-prepared samples that have a known quantity of a specific analyte. Used for quality control purposes. Testing results should fall within a manufacturer defined range of results. Also called controls or quality controls.

Question 34

Corrosive

Answer 34

Causing or tending to cause the gradual destruction of a substance by chemical action.

Question 35

Culture media

Answer 35

A solid, liquid, or semisolid medium designed to support the growth of microorganisms, especially bacteria and fungi.

Question 36

Cytology

Answer 36

The study of cells using microscopic methods.

Question 37

Forensic

Answer 37

Scientific tests or techniques used regarding the detection of crimes.

Question 38

Hemolyzed

Answer 38

A blood sample in which the red blood cells have ruptured.

Question 39

Histology

Answer 39

The study of tissues

Question 40

Inhalant

Answer 40

Any substance that can be breathed into the lungs

Question 41

INR

Answer 41

International normalized ratio: Also called Prothrombin time (PT) Used to test effectiveness of blood they need medication

Question 42

In vitro

Answer 42

Latin meaning in glass and commonly known as in the laboratory

Question 43

Pathologist

Answer 43

A physician specially trained in the nature and cause of disease.

Question 44

Pure culture

Answer 44

The growth of only one microorganism in a culture or on a nutrient surface.

Question 45

Reagent

Answer 45

A substance for use in a chemical reaction

Question 46

Referral laboratory

Answer 46

Your laboratory that performs testing for another laboratory. Also called a reference laboratory.

Question 47

Sharps

Answer 47

Medical term for devices with sharp point or edges that can puncture or cut skin. examples include needles scalpels or Broken glass.

Question 48

Specimen

Answer 48

A biological sample such as blood, urine, body fluids, feces, or tissue collected for analysis and evaluation.

Question 49

SOP

Answer 49

Standard operating procedures: I set up by staff instructions to help employees carry out routine operations with Efficiency, high quality, and uniformity of performance.

Question 50

STAT

Answer 50

Abbreviation for the Latin term statum, meaning immediately; at this moment.

Question 51

Sterile

Answer 51

Free from all living organisms

Question 52

Toxicology

Answer 52

The study of science that deal with the effects, antidotes, and detection of poisons or drugs.