Chapter 42

Question 1

What is the function of the Kidneys

Answer 1

Filter blood and eliminate waste through the passage of urine.

Question 2

What is the function of the ureters?

Answer 2

Move urine from the kidneys to the bladder

Question 3

What is the function of the Urinary Bladder?

Answer 3

Stores urine until it is excreted

Question 4

What is the function of the Urethra?

Answer 4

Tube that conducts urine out of the bladder

Question 5

What is the urinary system composed of?

Answer 5

2 Kidneys, 2 Ureters, the bladder and the urethra

Question 6

Functions of the Urinary system as a whole?

Answer 6

Maintains fluid volume, maintains the normal composition body fluids, maintain adequate blood pressure, controls red blood cell production, and activates Vitamin D.

Question 7

What are the 3 stages of urine formation?

Answer 7

Filtration, reabsorption, and secretion
(Helps with homeostasis)

Question 8

Filtration or Glomerular filtration

Answer 8

Substances like electrolytes and waste products move through the capillary walls into the filtrate.

Question 9

Reabsorption or tubular reabsorption

Answer 9

Useful water (about 99 %) and valuable solutes (nutrients and ions) are reabsorbed back into the bloodstream.

Question 10

Secretion or tubular secretion

Answer 10

Substances from the blood like excess ions (potassium, hydrogen, drugs, and any additional waste products) are transported from the blood to the filtrate to be expelled.

Question 11

What hormone is released to make more red blood cells in the body?

Answer 11

Erythropoietin

Question 12

What hormone is released when the arterial blood pressure decreases?

Answer 12

Renin

Question 13

Kidneys revert to an active form so the body can use it

Answer 13

Vitamin D

Question 14

Anuria

Answer 14

Without urine/ No urine

Question 15

Dysuria

Answer 15

Painful urination

Question 16

Enuresis

Answer 16

Bed wetting

Question 17

Oliguria

Answer 17

Insufficient production of urine

Question 18

Nocturia

Answer 18

Urination at night

Question 19

Polyuria

Answer 19

Excessive urination

Question 20

What is Urinary frequency/ urgency?

Answer 20

The sudden uncontrollable need to urinate

Question 21

What is urinary incontinence?

Answer 21

Inability to hold urine

Question 22

What is Urinary retention?

Answer 22

Inability to release urine

Question 23

What is polycystic kidney disease? (PKD)

Answer 23

Inherited condition where cysts form on the kidneys and become enlarged

Question 24

What is Cystitis?

Answer 24

Inflammation of the bladder caused by and infection, most commonly caused by e-coli bacteria.

Question 25

Glomerulonephritis

Answer 25

Inflammation of the glomerulus. Abrupt onset

Question 26

Pyelonephritis

Answer 26

Urinary tract infection of one or both kidneys. Caused by bacteria or virus and can spread to the bloodstream and be life threatening

Question 27

Chronic Kidney Disease

Answer 27

Loss of kidney function (gradually) Causes can include hypertension, diabetes, and other chronic urinary conditions

Question 28

End-Stage Renal Disease

Answer 28

Advanced chronic kidney disease. Top two causes include diabetes and hypertension

Question 29

Nephrotic Syndrome

Answer 29

Collection of symptoms that indicate kidney damage

Question 30

Renal Calculi

Answer 30

kidney stones

Question 31

Stress incontinence

Answer 31

Leakage of urine from stress on the bladder; caused by obesity, pregnancy, laughing, running, sneezing, coughing, or lifting heavy objects

Question 32

Urge incontinence

Answer 32

Also called overactive bladder; strong sudden urge (urgency) before the accidental loss of urine

Question 33

Overflow incontinence

Answer 33

Most often affects males; the person has difficulty emptying the bladder.

Question 34

Cystoscopy

Answer 34

Examination of the bladder and urethra

Question 35

Ureteroscopy

Answer 35

Examination of the Ureter

Question 36

Digital rectal examination (DRE)

Answer 36

The provider does a physical examination of the lower rectum, anus, and in men, the prostate.

Question 37

Pyel/o

Answer 37

Renal pelvis

Question 38

Post residual urine test (PVR)

Answer 38

Post void residual test refers to the quantity of urine left in the bladder after voiding

Question 39

Urodynamics testing

Answer 39

Evaluates how the bladder, sphincter, and urethra store and release urine to diagnose causes of incontinence, frequent urination, or weak stream.

Question 40

Voiding cystourethrogram (VCUG)

Answer 40

Fluoroscopic x-ray procedure used to examine a patient's bladder and lower urinary tract

Question 41

-gram

Answer 41

a record or image

Question 42

DMSA (Dimercaptosuccinic acid)

Answer 42

A radioactive tracer used specifically to image kidney cortex function