Chapter 27 Workbook Flashcards by Tom Bowl

A puncture caused by an object that pierces, such as a gunshot wound

penetrating wound

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Cool the body by discharging a substance through the pores

sweat glands

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An injury that separates multiple layers of tissue, tearing them off or leaving a hanging flap

avulsion

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A tough external layer forming a watertight covering for the body

epidermis

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A jagged cut caused by a sharp object or blunt force that leads to tearing, such as a razor cut

laceration

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Secrete a watery substance that lubricates the openings of the mouth and nose

mucous membranes

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The inner layer of skin that contains the structures that give skin its characteristic appearance

dermis

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Produce oil, which waterproofs the skin and keeps it supple

sebaceous glands

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Abdominal wall injury allowing the intestines or other contents to protrude out

evisceration

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A wound of the superficial layer of the skin, caused by friction, such as a skinned knee

abrasion

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The ________ is/are our first line of defense against external forces.
A. extremities
B. hair
C. skin
D. lips

C. skin

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The skin covering the ________ is quite thick.
A. lips
B. scalp
C. ears
D. eyelids

B. scalp

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As the cells on the surface of the skin are worn away, new cells form in the ______ layer.
A. dermal
B. germinal
C. epidermal
D. subcutaneous

B. germinal

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The hair follicles, sweat glands, and sebaceous glands are found in the:
A. dermis
B. germinal layer
C. epidermis
D. subcutaneous layer

A. dermis

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The skin regulates temperature in a cold environment by:
A. secreting sweat through sweat glands
B. constricting the blood vessels
C. dilating the blood vessels
D. increasing the amount of heat that is radiated from the body’s surface

B. constricting the blood vessels

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Closed soft-tissue injuries are characterized by all of the following EXCEPT:
A. pain at the site of injury
B. swelling beneath the skin
C. damage of the protective layer of skin
D. a history of blunt trauma

C. damage of the protective layer of skin

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A(n) ______ occurs whenever a blood vessel is damaged and bleeds into the surrounding tissues.
A. contusion
B. hematoma
C. crushing injury
D. avulsion

B. hematoma

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A(n) ______ is usually associated with extensive tissue damage.
A. contusion
B. hematoma
C. crushing injury
D. avulsion

B. hematoma

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______ develops when edema and swelling result in increased pressure within a closed soft-tissue space.
A. A hematoma
B. An avulsion
C. Compartment syndrome
D. Ecchymosis

C. Compartment syndrome

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A(n) ______ occurs when a great amount of force is applied to the body for a long period of time.
A. contusion
B. hematoma
C. crushing injury
D. avulsion

C. crushing injury

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More extensive closed injuries may involve significant swelling and bleeding beneath the skin, which could lead to:
A. compartment syndrome
B. contamination
C. obstructive shock
D. hemothorax

A. compartment syndrome

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Open soft-tissue wounds include all of the following EXCEPT:
A. abrasions
B. contusions
C. lacerations
D. avulsions

B. contusions

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A laceration may be all of the following EXCEPT:
A. linear
B. deep
C. stellate
D. a scrape

D. a scrape

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Because shootings usually end up in court, it is important to factually and completely document:
A. the statements from witnesses
B. the suspect’s description
C. the treatment given
D. the number of shots bystanders say were fired

C. the treatment given

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All open wounds are assumed to be ________ and present a risk of infection. A. contaminated B. life threatening C. minimal D. extensive

A. contaminated

Before you begin caring for a patient with an open wound, you should: A. ensure standard precautions B. splint potential fractures C. notify the hospital D. ask about patient medications

A. ensure standard precautions

Splinting an extremity, even when there is no fracture, may: A. reduce pain B. increase damage to an already-injured extremity C. make it difficult to move the patient D. cause any dressings to move

A. reduce pain

Treatment for an abdominal evisceration includes: A. pushing the exposed organs back into the abdominal cavity B. covering the organs with dry dressings C. flexing the knees and legs to relieve pressure on the abdomen D. applying moist, adherent dressings

C. flexing the knees and legs to relieve pressure on the abdomen

An open neck injury may result in ________ if enough air is sucked into a blood vessel. A. hypovolemic shock B. tracheal deviation C. an air embolism D. an asthma attack

C. an air embolism

Burns may result from all of the following EXCEPT: A. heat B. toxic chemicals C. electricity D. choking

D. choking

Which of the following is NOT a factor that can aid in determining the severity of a burn? A. The depth of the burn B. If the patient is insured C. The extent of the burn D. Whether critical areas are involved

B. If the patient is insured

______ burns involve only the epidermis. A. Full-thickness B. Second-degree C. Superficial D. Third-degree

C. Superficial

______ burns cause intense pain. A. First-degree B. Second-degree C. Superficial D. Third-degree

B. Second-degree

______ burns may involve the subcutaneous layers, muscle, bone, or internal organs. A. Superficial B. Partial-thickness C. Full-thickness D. Second-degree

C. Full-thickness

Significant airway burns may be associated with all of the following EXCEPT: A. singeing of the hair within the nostrils B. hoarseness C. hypoxia D. abdominal pain

D. abdominal pain

The most important consideration when dealing with electrical burns is: A. standard precautions B. scene safety C. level of responsiveness D. airway

B. scene safety

Treatment of electrical burns includes all of the following EXCEPT: A. maintaining the airway B. monitoring the patient closely for respiratory or cardiac arrest C. splinting any suspected injuries D. immersion in water

D. immersion in water

Which of the following should NOT be used as an occlusive dressing? A. Gauze pads B. Vaseline gauze C. Aluminum foil D. Plastic wrap

A. Gauze pads

Using elastic bandages to secure dressings may result in ______ if the injury swells or if the bandages are applied improperly. A. additional tissue damage B. increased edema C. increased circulation D. further blood loss

A. additional tissue damage

Burns are diffuse soft-tissue injuries created by destructive energy transfers from all of the following sources EXCEPT: A. thermal sources B. kinetic sources C. radiation sources D. electrical sources

B. kinetic sources

________ is an acute, potentially fatal viral infection of the central nervous system that affects all warm-blooded animals. A. Streptococcus B. Rabies C. Tuberculosis D. Emboli

B. Rabies

True/False Partial-thickness burns involve the epidermis and some portion of the dermis.

True

True/False Blisters are commonly seen with superficial burns.

False

True/False Severe burns are usually a combination of superficial, partial-thickness, and full-thickness burns.

True

True/False The rule of nines allows you to estimate the percentage of body surface area that has been burned.

True

True/False Two factors, depth and extent, are critical in assessing the severity of a burn.

True

True/False Your first responsibility with a burn patient is to stop the burning process.

False

True/False Burned areas should be immersed in cool water for up to 30 minutes.

False

True/False Electrical burns are often more severe than the external signs indicate.

True

True/False The hallmark sign of compartment syndrome is severe but painless swelling.

False

True/False Occlusive dressings are usually made of Vaseline gauze, aluminum foil, or plastic.

True

True/False Gauze pads prevent air and liquids from entering or exiting the wound.

False

True/False Elastic bandages should be used to secure dressings.

False

True/False Soft roller bandages are slightly elastic, and the layers adhere somewhat to one another.

True

True/False Ecchymosis is associated with open wounds.

False

True/False A laceration is considered a closed wound.

False

There are three types of ionizing radiation: _______, _______, and _______.

alpha, beta, gamma

A person will sweat in an effort to _______ the body.

cool

Nerve endings are located in the _______.

dermis

When an area of the body is trapped for longer than 4 hours and arterial blood flow is compromised, _______ ________ can develop.

crush syndrome

In cold weather, blood vessels in the skin will _______.

constrict

The only exceptions to the rule of not removing an impaled object are an object in the _______ that obstructs breathing and an object in the _______ that interferes with CPR.

cheek, chest

_______ burns can occur when skin is exposed to temperatures higher than _______ °F.

Thermal, 111

A (n) _______ is an injury in which part of the body is completely severed.

amputation

The external layer of skin is the _______, and the inner layer is the _______.

epidermis, dermis

When the vessels of the skin dilate, heat is _______ from the body.

radiated

Anatomy of the Skin A. Hair B. Pore C. Epidermis D. Germinal layer of epidermis E. Sebaceous gland F. Arrector pili muscle G. Dermis H. Nerve (sensory) I. Sweat gland J. Hair follicle K. Blood vessel L. Subcutaneous fat M. Fascia N. Subcutaneous tissue O. Muscle

You respond to a house fire with the local fire department. They bring a 48-year-old woman out of the house. She is unconscious, but her airway is open. Her breathing is shallow at 30 breaths/min. Her pulse is 110 beats/min, strong and regular. Her blood pressure is 108/72 mm Hg. She has been burned on over 40% of her body. The burned area appears to be dry and leathery. It looks charred and has pieces of fabric embedded in the flesh. You know that this type of burn is considered a: A. first-degree burn B. second-degree burn C. partial-thickness burn D. third-degree burn

D. third-degree burn

You respond to a scene where a 24-year-old man has been shot. Law enforcement is on scene, and the scene is safe. As you approach the patient, you notice that he is bleeding from the lower-right abdominal area. He is alert and oriented but seems confused. His airway is open, and he is breathing at a normal rate. His pulse is 120 beats/min, weak and regular. His blood pressure is 98/60 mm Hg. You ask the police officer about the weapon. You need this information because the amount of damage is related to the: A. size of the entrance wound B. size of the bullet C. size of the exit wound D. speed of the bullet

D. speed of the bullet

You respond to a scene where a 14-year-old girl was playing softball and slid into second base. She states she felt and heard a loud pop. There is no obvious bleeding, but swelling is present. Her pulse is 86 beats/min, and her blood pressure is 114/74 mm Hg. In managing this situation, you decide to use the RICES method of treatment. The “S” stands for: A. swelling B. soft tissue C. splinting D. shock

C. splinting

In conducting a more detailed exam on the patient in Question 3, you notice that she has an abrasion on her left knee that she sustained when she slid. The abrasion is covered with dirt and is oozing blood. You know that this injury is classified as: A. superficial B. deep C. full thickness D. life-threatening

A. superficial

You decide to manage the injury found in Question 4. You flush the site with sterile water, and it continues to bleed. What would be the best initial way to control the bleeding from this injury? A. Elevation B. Direct pressure C. Tourniquet D. Pressure points

B. Direct pressure

Short Answer List the three major classifications of depth of burns.

1. Superficial (first degree) 2. Partial thickness (second degree) 3. Full thickness (third degree)

Short Answer List the three general classifications of soft-tissue injuries.

1. Closed injuries 2. Open injuries 3. Burns

Short Answer Define the acronym RICES.

R: rest I: ice C: compression E: elevation S: splinting

Short Answer Describe the classification of a severe burn in infants and children.

Any full-thickness burn Partial-thickness burns covering more than 20% of the body’s total surface area

Short Answer What treatment should be used with a patient who has been burned by a dry chemical?

Brush off dry chemicals, and then remove the patient’s clothing (including shoes, stockings, gloves, jewelry, and eyeglasses) because there may be small amounts of chemicals in the creases.

Short Answer Why are electrical burns particularly dangerous to a patient?

First, there may be a deep tissue injury not visible on the outside. Second, there is a danger of cardiac arrest from the electrical shock.

Short Answer Identify the three general types of blast injuries.

1. Primary 2. Secondary 3. Tertiary

Short Answer List the three primary functions of dressings and bandages.

1. To control bleeding 2. To protect the wound from further damage 3. To prevent further contamination and infection

Short Answer List the four types of open soft-tissue injuries.

1. Abrasions 2. Lacerations 3. Avulsions 4. Penetrating wounds

Short Answer List the five factors used to determine the severity of a burn.

1. Depth of the burn 2. Extent of the burn 3. Involvement of critical areas (face, upper airway, hands, feet, genitalia) 4. Preexisting medical conditions or other injuries 5. Age younger than 5 years or older than 55 years

Ambulance Calls You are dispatched to a residence where a 10-year-old girl fell onto a jagged piece of metal. She has a gaping laceration to the right upper arm that is spurting bright red blood. The mother tried to control the bleeding with a towel, but it kept soaking through. How would you best manage this patient?

Take standard precautions and apply direct pressure. Elevate the extremity and apply a pressure dressing. If the bleeding is not controlled, move to the use of a tourniquet. Once the bleeding is controlled, splint the arm to decrease movement. Apply high-flow oxygen (if appropriate), and transport the patient in a position of comfort. Monitor her vital signs en route to the hospital.

Ambulance Calls You are dispatched to the home of a 3-year-old boy for an unknown problem. You arrive to find a young mother screaming for your help. She was cooking a meal for her other children when the phone rang. While she was talking, the 3-year-old child grabbed the pot handle, spilling boiling hot water onto his body. How would you best manage this patient?

Unfortunately, this scenario has occurred in households throughout the country. This is why it is so important to “turn pot handles in” when cooking in the home of a small, inquisitive child. You must evaluate the child quickly to determine the extent and severity of the burns. Assess airway, breathing, and circulation, and quickly apply sterile dressings and high-flow oxygen. Promptly transport the patient according to local protocols.

Ambulance Calls You are watching television at the station when a firefighter comes into the room holding his left hand. His wedding ring got caught in a piece of small machinery at the stationhouse, resulting in an avulsion of his ring finger. How would you best manage this patient?

Apply direct pressure to control any bleeding using sterile dressings. Have the patient lie down because this injury will be quite painful. Even the toughest person can suddenly feel faint, especially if he or she looks at the injury. Find the piece of avulsed tissue, wrap it in sterile dressings, and transport it with you to the hospital. Oxygen via a nasal cannula can assist with any nausea that the patient may experience.

During the primary assessment of burns, it is important to remember to: A. determine scene safety B. obtain vital signs C. prevent heat loss D. estimate the amount of body surface injuries

C. prevent heat loss

You have been dispatched to a residence for a 24-year-old woman who splashed grease on her arm while cooking. As you approach her, she is crying and yelling that it hurts. Her pulse is 130 beats/min and regular. Her blood pressure is 126/86 mm Hg. You decide that she does not require immediate transport. The secondary assessment would include: A. proper interventions B. an examination of the burned arm C. deciding on the patient’s priority for transport D. an investigation of the chief complaint

B. an examination of the burned arm

Your first responsibility in caring for a patient with a burn is to: A. stop the burning process B. provide complete spinal stabilization C. treat for shock D. cover burns with moist sterile dressings

A. stop the burning process

During the reassessment of a burn patient with a significant mechanism of injury (MOI), you should: A. splint all fractures B. determine the transport decision C. open all blisters D. treat the patient for shock

D. treat the patient for shock

You respond to a patient who has been stabbed in the neck. You arrive to find the patient in police custody and bleeding moderately from the neck wound. The patient is alert, oriented, and swearing loudly. His pulse is 120 beats/min. His blood pressure is 124/76 mm Hg. You start to bandage the wound. What type of bandage should you use? A. Triangular bandage B. Adhesive bandage C. Roller bandage D. Occlusive bandage

D. Occlusive bandage

Chapter 27 Workbook Flashcards

(90 cards)