Chapter 7 Workbook

Question 1

Capillaries that filter blood within the kidneys

Answer 1

Nephrons

Question 2

Cholesterol and calcium buildup inside the walls of the blood vessels that forms plaque

Answer 2

Atherosclerosis

Question 3

Areas where the infant’s skull has not fused together

Answer 3

Fontanelles

Question 4

Persons who are 1 to 3 years of age

Answer 4

Toddlers

Question 5

Persons who are 3 to 6 years of age

Answer 5

Preschoolers

Question 6

Persons who are 6 to 12 years of age

Answer 6

School age

Question 7

Persons who are 19 to 40 years of age

Answer 7

Early adults

Question 8

Persons who are 41 to 60 years of age

Answer 8

Middle adults

Question 9

A bond between an infant and his or her parents in which the infant understands that the parents will be responsive to his or her needs

Answer 9

Secure attachment

Question 10

A bond between an infant and his or her caregiver in which the infant is repeatedly rejected and develops an isolated lifestyle

Answer 10

Anxious avoidant attachment

Question 11

A type of reasoning in which a child looks for approval from peers and society

Answer 11

Conventional reasoning

Question 12

A type of reasoning in which a child bases decisions on his or her conscience

Answer 12

Postconventional reasoning

Question 13

An infant reflex in which the infant opens his or her arms wide, spreads the fingers, and seems to grab at things

Answer 13

Moro reflex

Question 14

An infant reflex that occurs when something touches an infant’s cheek, and the infant instinctively turns his or her head toward the touch

Answer 14

Rooting reflex

Question 15

What is the decline in kidney filtration ability between the ages of 20 and 90 years?
A. 10%
B. 50%
C. 45%
D. 20%

Answer 15

B. 50%

Question 16

What is the typical age range for an adolescent?
A. 6 to 12 years
B. 3 to 6 years
C. 12 to 18 years
D. 10 to 19 years

Answer 16

C. 12 to 18 years

Question 17

Children who make decisions based on their conscience are using what type of reasoning?
A. Postconventional
B. Psychosocial
C. Conventional
D. Preconventional

Answer 17

A. Postconventional

Question 18

Which of the following is a nervous system change commonly found in older adults?
A. Increase in brain weight
B. Increase in peripheral nerve functioning
C. Less space for cerebral spinal fluid
D. Deterioration of nerve endings

Answer 18

D. Deterioration of nerve endings

Question 19

Maturation of the reproductive system usually takes place during:
A. early adulthood
B. preschool
C. middle adulthood
D. adolescence

Answer 19

D. adolescence

Question 20

What term is used to identify a person who is from birth to 1 month old?
A. Infant
B. Toddler
C. Neonate
D. Newborn

Answer 20

C. Neonate

Question 21

What is the current estimated average life expectancy for humans?
A. 120
B. 78
C. 67
D. 56

Answer 21

B. 78

Question 22

When encountering a patient with depressed fontanelles, you should suspect:
A. respiratory distress
B. dehydration
C. atherosclerosis
D. nephrosis

Answer 22

B. dehydration

Question 23

What is “vital capacity”?
A. The volume of blood moved by each contraction of the heart
B. The maximum thickness of the meninges
C. The volume of air moved during the deepest points of respiration
D. The amount of air left in the lungs following exhalation

Answer 23

C. The volume of air moved during the deepest points of respiration

Question 24

Clingy behavior and the fear of unfamiliar people or places are normal among 10 to 18 month old children and are commonly caused by separation anxiety.
A. bonding
B. separation
C. avoidant
D. mistrust

Answer 24

B. separation

Question 25

Diastolic blood pressure tends to increase with age. A. decrease B. compensate C. increase D. decompensate

Answer 25

C. increase

Question 26

Into what age range do toddlers and preschoolers fit? A. 1 to 6 years B. 2 to 8 years C. 2 to 7 years D. 0 to 5 years

Answer 26

A. 1 to 6 years

Question 27

Empty nest syndrome is typically seen in which stage of life? A. middle adulthood B. adolescence C. late adulthood D. early adulthood

Answer 27

A. middle adulthood

Question 28

At what age can an infant normally start tracking objects with his or her eyes and recognize familiar faces? A. 7 months B. 2 months C. 4 months D. 10 months

Answer 28

B. 2 months

Question 29

True/False The majority of older adults live in assisted living facilities.

Answer 29

False

Question 30

True/False The rooting reflex takes place when an infant’s lips are stroked.

Answer 30

False

Question 31

True/False Toddlers should have pulse rates between 90 and 150 beats/min.

Answer 31

True

Question 32

True/False Men can produce sperm well into their 80s.

Answer 32

True

Question 33

True/False The older the patient is, the thicker his or her lens will be.

Answer 33

True

Question 34

True/False Typically, antisocial behavior will peak around age 13.

Answer 34

False

Question 35

True/False Language is usually mastered by the 24th month.

Answer 35

False

Question 36

True/False Breastfeeding helps to boost an infant’s immune system.

Answer 36

True

Question 37

True/False Teething in an infant typically begins around 6 months of age.

Answer 37

True

Question 38

True/False Adolescents rarely struggle with their sense of identity or conflict among peers.

Answer 38

False

Question 40

________ adults are those who are age 19 to ________ years.

Answer 40

Early, 40

Question 41

In toddlers, the pulse rate is ________ to ________ beats/min, and the respiratory rate is ________ to ________ breaths/min.

Answer 41

90, 150; 20, 30

Question 42

The leading cause of death in persons age 45 years to 64 years is ________.

Answer 42

cancer

Question 43

Many older adults have remarkably good ________, and ________.

Answer 43

hearing, vision

Question 44

Rebellious behavior can be part of an adolescent trying to find his or her own ________.

Answer 44

identity

Question 45

A(n) __________ usually weighs 6 to __________ pounds at birth, and the head accounts for __________% of its body weight.

Answer 45

neonate, 8, 25

Question 46

An infant’s lungs are __________, and providing bag mask device ventilations that are too forceful can result in trauma from pressure, or __________.

Answer 46

fragile, barotrauma

Question 47

By __________ to 24 months, toddlers begin to understand cause and __________.

Answer 47

18, effect

Question 48

Changes in gastric and intestinal function may inhibit __________ intake and utilization in __________ adults.

Answer 48

nutritional, older

Question 49

Among older adults, __________ function in the 5 years preceding death is presumed to decline.

Answer 49

menta

Question 50

You are dispatched to a public park in the middle of a sprawling subdivision for an arm injury. You arrive to find a crying 8 year old boy cradling his swollen and deformed left forearm. His friends tell you that he was holding on to the bars of the play structure and that his arm “snapped” when he jumped into the sand below. What would you expect this boy’s normal pulse to be? A. Between 70 and 120 beats/min B. Higher than 150 beats/min C. Most likely below 70 beats/min D. Around 60 beats/min

Answer 50

A. Between 70 and 120 beats/min

Question 51

You are dispatched to a public park in the middle of a sprawling subdivision for an arm injury. You arrive to find a crying 8 year old boy cradling his swollen and deformed left forearm. His friends tell you that he was holding on to the bars of the play structure and that his arm “snapped” when he jumped into the sand below. An adult bystander tells you that the boy kept trying to impress his friends with more and more dangerous stunts on the play structure prior to the injury. This is an indication of __________ reasoning. A. conventional B. preconventional C. unconventional D. postconventional

Answer 51

A. conventional

Question 52

You are dispatched to a public park in the middle of a sprawling subdivision for an arm injury. You arrive to find a crying 8 year old boy cradling his swollen and deformed left forearm. His friends tell you that he was holding on to the bars of the play structure and that his arm “snapped” when he jumped into the sand below. You would expect to find a respiratory rate of between 15 and 20 breaths/min with this patient. A. 12, 20 B. 15, 20 C. 10, 15 D. 20, 30

Answer 52

B. 15, 20

Question 53

Short Answers Explain why breathing can become more labor intensive among older adults.

Answer 53

As people age, the size of the airway increases, and the surface area of the alveoli decreases. The natural elasticity of the lungs also decreases, forcing individuals to increasingly use the muscles between their ribs, called intercostal muscles, to breathe. As the elasticity of the lungs decreases, the overall strength of the intercostal muscles and diaphragm also decreases.

Question 54

Short Answers Describe conventional reasoning.

Answer 54

Conventional reasoning means that children are looking for approval from their peers and society.

Question 55

Short Answers Explain the stage of development known as “trust versus mistrust.”

Answer 55

“Trust versus mistrust” refers to a stage of development from birth to about 18 months of age that involves an infant’s needs being met by parents or caregivers. When the environment is organized and consistent, the infant develops trust; when it is not, mistrust develops.

Question 56

Short Answers What is atherosclerosis, and how does it affect older adults?

Answer 56

Atherosclerosis most commonly affects coronary vessels. Cholesterol and calcium build up inside the walls of blood vessels, forming plaque. The accumulation of plaque eventually leads to a partial or complete blockage of blood flow. More than 60% of people older than 65 years have atherosclerotic disease. This can lead to decreased blood supply to the organs of the body.

Question 57

Short Answers List the nine basic stages of life.

Answer 57

* Neonate (0 to 1 month) * Infant (1 month to 1 year) * Toddler (1 to 3 years) * Preschool age (3 to 6 years) * School age (6 to 12 years) * Adolescent (12 to 18 years) * Early adult (19 to 40 years) * Middle adult (41 to 60 years) * Late adult (61 and older)

Question 58

Ambulance Calls You are dispatched to a residential care facility for a “fall from bed” and arrive to find a 96 year old man refusing assistance, even though he has a large, darkening hematoma above his left ear. He keeps telling the care facility staff and you that he doesn’t want any of you “yahoos” touching him. What would you be most concerned about with this patient?

Answer 58

You should be concerned about intracranial bleeding with this patient because he is at an age where brain shrinkage has likely occurred, and the hematoma suggests that he hit his head after falling, which could have ruptured some of the bridging blood vessels.

Question 59

Ambulance Calls You respond to a local residence for a toddler who burned her arm by knocking a lit candle off a shelf. You have responded to numerous abuse situations as an EMT and now find yourself suspicious of any child’s injury. You would like to speak to this 16 month old patient alone, but both parents stay nearby and seem very concerned about the child’s well being. Would you try to speak to the child alone? Explain your reasoning.

Answer 59

The first thing that must be remembered is that daily experiences as EMTs can “color” responses. You can begin to see similarities between calls where none actually exist. It is important to treat each call as a new and different situation and not make assumptions without clear reasons. In this situation, you should not try to speak to the child alone. Children between 10 and 18 months are at the peak of separation anxiety, and removing the child from the parents will likely cause her to become noncommunicative and upset. Keep the child with her parents, and if abuse is suspected, report it afterward based on local guidelines.

Question 60

Ambulance Calls You are dispatched to a local high school for a teenage boy who fell from a stage while rehearsing a play. When you arrive, you find the boy surrounded by concerned classmates. He is guarding the left side of his chest and breathing shallowly. He refuses your assistance and insists that he is fine. How would you best manage this situation?

Answer 60

The best way to help this patient is to separate him from the other students before asking about his injuries. Adolescents are very focused on their public image and are easily embarrassed. Falling off the stage in front of peers would have embarrassed him enough, and publicly admitting to an injury would make it worse.