Chapter 6 Workbook Flashcards by Tom Bowl

The outermost layer of skin

Epidermis

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Fibrous tissue that connects bones to bones

Ligament

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The amount of air moved in and out of the lungs in a single breath

Tidal volume

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A study of how normal physiology is affected by disease

Pathophysiology

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Standing, facing forward, palms facing forward

Anatomic position

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A wave-like contraction of smooth muscle

Peristalsis

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Allow contact between the blood and the cells of the tissues

Capillary vessels

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Does not participate in gas exchange

Dead space

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A joint that has grown together to form a stable connection, allowing only slight motion

Symphysis

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An imaginary vertical line dividing the body into equal left and right halves

Midsagittal plane

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Air that remains in the lungs after exhalation

Residual volume

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The volume of blood pumped with each contraction

Stroke volume

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A backup system to control respirations

Hypoxic drive

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The movement from higher concentration to lower concentration

Diffusion

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The bending of a joint

Flexion

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The ankle bone that sits between the tibia/fibula and the heel, forming the main ankle joint.

Talus

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The kneecap, embedded in the quadriceps tendon and sitting in front of the knee joint.

Patella

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The collarbone running horizontally between the sternum and the scapula.

Clavicle

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The thinner lateral bone of the lower leg, running parallel to the tibia.

Fibula

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The heel bone, the largest tarsal bone forming the back of the foot.

Calcaneus

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The medial forearm bone (pinky side), forming the hinge of the elbow with the humerus.

Ulna

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The upper arm bone running from the shoulder to the elbow.

Humerus

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Which muscle type matches ALL of the following characteristics?
* Attaches to bone
* Forms the major muscle mass of the body
* Under direct control of the brain
* Responsible for all bodily movement
A. Skeletal
B. Smooth
C. Cardiac

A. Skeletal

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Which muscle type matches ALL of the following characteristics?
* Found in the walls of the gastrointestinal tract
* Not under voluntary control
* Produces slow, rhythmic contractions
A. Skeletal
B. Smooth
C. Cardiac

B. Smooth

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Which muscle type matches ALL of the following characteristics? * Found only in the heart * Cannot function on anaerobic metabolism * Can generate its own electrical impulses A. Skeletal B. Smooth C. Cardiac

C. Cardiac

Exits the brain through an opening at the base of the skull

Spinal cord

Brain and spinal cord

Central nervous system

Carry sensations of taste and touch to the brain

Sensory nerves

Transmit electrical impulses to the muscles, causing them to contract

Motor nerves

Controls all functions of the body

Brain

Links the central nervous system to various organs in the body

Peripheral nervous system

Which of the following would be considered an underlying cause of shock? A. Increased blood volume B. Increased pumping ability of the heart C. Loss of blood vessel control D. Decrease in anaerobic metabolism

C. Loss of blood vessel control

In the female, what structure carries the ovum to the uterus? A. Ovary B. Fallopian tube C. Vas deferens D. Seminal vesicles

B. Fallopian tube

The leaf-shaped flap of tissue that prevents food and liquid from entering the trachea is called the: A. uvula B. epiglottis C. laryngopharynx D. cricothyroid membrane

B. epiglottis

Which of the following systems is responsible for releasing chemicals that regulate body activities? A. Nervous B. Endocrine C. Cardiovascular D. Skeletal

B. Endocrine

Which of the following vessels does NOT carry blood to the heart? A. Inferior vena cava B. Superior vena cava C. Pulmonary vein D. Pulmonary artery

D. Pulmonary artery

The ________ is connected to the intestine by the bile ducts. A. Stomach B. Spleen C. Appendix D. Liver

D. Liver

Which of the following is NOT a function of the urinary system? A. Fluid control B. Hormone regulation C. pH balancing D. Waste filtration

B. Hormone regulation

What organ secretes enzymes that are used to digest fats, starches, and protein? A. Liver B. Gallbladder C. Pancreas D. Spleen

C. Pancreas

True/False The aorta is the only artery that supplies the groin and lower extremities with blood.

False

True/False The knee is a ball-and-socket joint.

False

True/False The phalanges are the bones of the fingers and toes.

True

True/False The right atrium receives blood from the pulmonary veins.

False

True/False There are 10 ribs located in the thorax.

False

True/False Exhaled air contains 21% oxygen.

False

True/False The spleen is a solid organ that is commonly injured in abdominal blunt-trauma injuries.

True

There is/are __________ cervical vertebrae.

seven

The lower jawbone is the __________.

mandible

There is a total of __________ lobes in the right and left lungs.

five

There are __________ pairs of ribs in the thorax.

The spinal column has __________ vertebrae.

The ankle is formed by the __________, __________, and __________.

talus, fibula, tibia

The cerebrum, which is the largest part of the brain, is composed of four lobes: __________, __________, __________, and __________.

frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital

The __________ space is the space between the cells.

interstitial

The movement of air between the lungs and the environment is called __________.

ventilation

How much air is being effectively moved during ventilation and how much blood is gaining access to the alveoli is called the __________ ratio.

V/Q

The Skull A. Parietal bone B. Frontal bone C. Maxilla D. Temporal bone E. Nasal bones F. Zygomatic bone G. Maxillae H. Foramen magnum I. Occipital bone J. Mandible

The Spinal Column A. Cerebrum B. Foramen magnum C. Brainstem D. Cerebellum E. Cervical nerves F. Cervical vertebrae G. Thoracic nerves H. Thoracic vertebrae I. Lumbar vertebrae J. Lumbosacral nerves K. Sacral vertebrae L. Coccygeal vertebrae

The Thorax A. Sternal notch B. Manubrium C. Sternum D. Body E. Xiphoid process F. Anterior ribs G. Costal arch

The Shoulder Girdle A. Sternoclavicular joint B. Clavicle C. Acromioclavicular (A/C) joint D. Humerus E. Sternum F. Scapula G. Glenohumeral (shoulder) joint

The Wrist and Hand A. Index B. Long C. Ring D. Small E. Phalanges F. Thumb G. Metacarpals H. Carpometacarpal joint I. Carpals J. Radius K. Ulna

The Pelvis A. Inferior vena cava B. Descending aorta C. Iliac crest D. Ilium E. Sacrum F. Pubis G. Acetabulum H. Pubic symphysis I. Ischial tuberosity J. Femoral artery K. Ischium L. Femoral vein

The Lower Extremity A. Pelvis B. Femoral head C. Greater trochanter D. Hip E. Lesser trochanter F. Femur G. Thigh H. Patella (knee cap) I. Knee J. Fibula K. Leg L. Tibia (shin bone) M. Ankle N. Tarsals O. Foot P. Metatarsals Q. Phalanges

The Foot A. Achilles tendon B. Medial malleolus C. Talus D. Navicular E. Medial cuneiform F. Phalanges G. Metatarsal H. Calcaneus

The Respiratory System A. Upper airway B. Nasopharynx C. Nasal air passage D. Pharynx E. Oropharynx F. Mouth G. Epiglottis H. Larynx I. Trachea J. Apex of the lung K. Bronchioles L. Lower airway M. Carina N. Main bronchi O. Base of the lung P. Diaphragm Q. Alveoli

The Circulatory System A. Tissue cells B. Systemic (body) capillaries C. Venule D. Arteriole E. Vein F. Aorta G. Artery H. Pulmonary (lung) capillaries I. Right atrium J. Heart K. Left atrium L. Right ventricle M. Left ventricle

Central and Peripheral Pulses A. Superficial temporal B. External maxillary C. Carotid D. Brachial E. Ulnar F. Radial G. Femoral H. Posterior tibial I. Dorsalis pedis

The Brain A. Cerebrum B. Brainstem C. Cerebellum

Anatomy of the Skin A. Hair B. Pore C. Epidermis D. Germinal layer of epidermis E. Sebaceous gland F. Arrector pili muscle G. Dermis H. Nerve (sensory) I. Sweat gland J. Hair follicle K. Blood vessel L. Subcutaneous fat M. Fascia N. Subcutaneous tissue O. Muscle

The Male Reproductive System A. Ureter B. Urinary bladder C. Vasa deferentia D. Prostate gland E. Pubic bone F. Prostate gland G. Urethra H. Urethra I. Epididymis J. Testis K. Penis L. Glans penis M. Scrotum

The Female Reproductive System A. Uterine (fallopian) tube B. Uterus C. Ovary D. Cervix E. Vagina

Kory, a 16-year-old boy, attempted to jump down a flight of stairs on his skateboard but landed facedown on his chest and stomach, where he stayed until found. He was not wearing a helmet, and he hit the pavement with his head. Two bones were protruding from his right ankle. Which of the following bones are most likely fractured? A. Ulna/Radius B. Acromion/Humerus C. Tibia/Fibula D. Patella/Fibula

C. Tibia/Fibula

Kory, a 16-year-old boy, attempted to jump down a flight of stairs on his skateboard but landed facedown on his chest and stomach, where he stayed until found. He was not wearing a helmet, and he hit the pavement with his head. Two bones were protruding from his right ankle. What part of his spinal column do you want to keep immobilized so as not to move any of its seven vertebrae? A. Cervical B. Thoracic C. Sacrum D. Coccyx

A. Cervical

Kory, a 16-year-old boy, attempted to jump down a flight of stairs on his skateboard but landed facedown on his chest and stomach, where he stayed until found. He was not wearing a helmet, and he hit the pavement with his head. Two bones were protruding from his right ankle. If Kory were to develop pain in his right upper quadrant, what organ may be causing the pain? A. Liver B. Stomach C. Spleen D. Appendix

A. Liver

Kory, a 16-year-old boy, attempted to jump down a flight of stairs on his skateboard but landed facedown on his chest and stomach, where he stayed until found. He was not wearing a helmet, and he hit the pavement with his head. Two bones were protruding from his right ankle. If Kory were to go into shock from his injuries, what type of shock will he most likely experience? A. Cardiogenic B. Obstructive C. Hypovolemic D. Septic

C. Hypovolemic

Kory, a 16-year-old boy, attempted to jump down a flight of stairs on his skateboard but landed facedown on his chest and stomach, where he stayed until found. He was not wearing a helmet, and he hit the pavement with his head. Two bones were protruding from his right ankle. Which of the following pulses is located near Kory’s leg injury? A. Brachial B. Dorsalis pedis C. Ulnar D. Superficial temporal

B. Dorsalis pedis

Short Answers List the five components of blood and each of their functions.

1. Plasma: A sticky, yellow fluid that carries the blood cells and nutrients. 2. Red blood cells: Give blood its red color and carry oxygen 3. White blood cells: Play a role in the body's immune defense mechanism against infection 4. Platelets: Essential in the formation of blood clots. 5. Protein molecules: Help control the movement of water into and out of circulation, among other functions.

Short Answers List the five sections of the spinal column and indicate the number of vertebrae in each.

1. Cervical spine: 7 vertebrae 2. Thoracic spine: 12 vertebrae 3. Lumbar spine: 5 vertebrae 4. Sacrum: 5 vertebrae 5. Coccyx: 4 vertebrae

Short Answers What organs are in each of the quadrants of the abdomen?

* RUQ: liver, gallbladder, large intestine, small intestine * LUQ: stomach, spleen, pancreas, large intestine, small intestine * RLQ: large intestine, small intestine, appendix, ascending colon * LLQ: large intestine, small intestine

Short Answers List in order the structures that blood flows through when circulating through the heart and lungs.

1. Superior and inferior vena cava 2. Right atrium 3. Right ventricle 4. Pulmonary artery 5. Lungs 6. Pulmonary veins 7. Left atrium 8. Left ventricle 9. Aorta

Ambulance Calls You are dispatched to the scene of a bar fight. A 34 year old man has been stabbed in the right upper quadrant of the abdomen with a knife. What organs might be affected by this wound?

Liver, gallbladder, small intestine, large intestine, pancreas, diaphragm, right lung if the pathway is up, right kidney depending on length of knife. You could also have involvement of the other four quadrants based on the direction of travel of the blade.

Ambulance Calls You are dispatched to a one vehicle motor vehicle crash, car versus telephone pole. You arrive to find an unrestrained driver who is complaining of chest pain. You notice the steering wheel is deformed.

Sternum, ribs, heart, aorta, pulmonary arteries, superior vena cava, inferior vena cava, lungs, pleura, esophagus, diaphragm

Ambulance Calls You are dispatched to a local BMX bike track just down the road from the fire station. You arrive to find a 14 year old boy walking toward you, holding his left arm in place. He tells you that as he was turning a corner on the track, he fell off his bike and landed on his shoulder. What anatomic structures are potentially injured?

Humerus, ribs, scapula, clavicle, acromioclavicular joint, glenohumeral joint, sternoclavicular joint

Chapter 6 Workbook Flashcards

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