What is the recommended daily intake (RDI) of Folate for pregnancy?
400–500 µg supplement ≥ 1 month pre-pregnancy → 1st trimester
Folate is crucial to prevent neural-tube defects (NTDs) and is included in fortification policies.
What deficiency is associated with Vitamin B₁₂?
Megaloblastic anaemia + nerve damage
Vitamin B₁₂ deficiency is particularly a concern for the elderly and vegans.
What is the RDI of Iron for pregnant women?
27 mg
Iron is essential at every life stage, and its deficiency can lead to fatigue and anaemia.
What is the RDI of Calcium for adolescents?
1300 mg
Calcium is vital for bone health and its deficiency can lead to osteoporosis.
What RDI of Iodine is recommended during pregnancy?
150µg
Iodine deficiency can lead to cretinism and goitre, necessitating supplementation.
What is the RDI for Vitamin D?
5–10 µg
Vitamin D is crucial for calcium absorption and those with limited sun exposure are at risk.
Which groups are at risk of Zinc deficiency?
Adolescents, vegans, pregnancy
Zinc is important for growth and immunity.
What role does Vitamin C play in relation to Iron?
Improves Iron absorption
A deficiency can lead to scurvy, particularly in smokers and those with low vegetable intake.
What is the RDI of Vitamin A during pregnancy?
770 µg
Excessive intake (> 3000 µg) can be teratogenic.
What nutrients should be focused on during preconception/pregnancy?
Folate, Iron, Iodine, Calcium
These nutrients are critical for preventing neural-tube defects (NTDs) and supporting pregnancy.
At what age should infants start weaning?
6 months
Breastmilk composition is crucial during infancy, and honey/salt should be avoided.
What is a common concern for toddlers in terms of nutrition?
Iron deficiency, fussy eating
There is also a recommended limit of 500 mL milk.
What are the calcium and iron needs during adolescence?
Increased needs
Soft-drink consumption can displace necessary nutrients and affect body image.
What is the protein requirement for older adults?
1.0–1.2 g/kg
Calcium, Vitamin D, and B₁₂ are also vital for this age group.
What are the AMDR ranges for carbohydrates, proteins, and fats?
CHO 45–65 % · PRO 15–25 % · FAT 20–35 % (<10 % sat / < 1 % trans)
AMDR stands for Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Ranges.
What are the BMI cut-offs for obesity?
≥ 30
A BMI of 18.5–24.9 is considered healthy, while 25–29.9 is overweight.
What waist measurement is considered a risk for men?
≥ 94 cm
For women, the risk threshold is ≥ 80 cm.
What is the alcohol guideline for standard drinks?
≤ 10 std/wk · ≤ 4/day
This guideline helps in moderating alcohol consumption.
What should be the focus of food security dimensions?
Availability · Access · Utilisation · Stability
These dimensions help in understanding food security comprehensively.
What is the ‘First 1000 Days’ concept?
Conception → 2 yrs = critical window
This period is crucial for development and nutrition.
What are the diet-related non-communicable diseases (NCDs)?
CVD · T2DM · Cancer · Osteoporosis
These conditions are significantly influenced by dietary habits.
What is Sarcopenia?
Muscle loss with age
It can be mitigated with protein intake and resistance training.
What are the benefits of breastfeeding?
Infant immunity · bonding · ↓ disease · maternal health
Breastfeeding provides numerous health benefits for both mother and child.
What is the recommended approach for complementary feeding?
Start 6 m · iron foods first · avoid honey/salt
This approach supports healthy development during infancy.
