wk8

Question 1

What is the primary focus of adulthood in terms of nutrition?

Answer 1

Weight maintenance, chronic disease prevention, and optimal function

Question 2

How do energy requirements change with age?

Answer 2

They gradually decline due to reduced lean mass and physical activity

Question 3

What are the essential components of a healthy diet for adults?

Answer 3

Dietary balance, moderation, and long-term adherence to healthy patterns

Question 4

What is the Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range (AMDR) for carbohydrates?

Answer 4

45–65% of energy

Question 5

What is the AMDR for protein?

Answer 5

15–25% of energy

Question 6

What is the AMDR for fat?

Answer 6

20–35% of energy

Question 7

What is the recommended limit for saturated fat intake?

Answer 7

<10% of energy

Question 8

What is the maximum recommended intake for added sugar?

Answer 8

<10% of energy

Question 9

What is the maximum recommended intake for trans fat?

Answer 9

<1% of energy

Question 10

List three key nutritional goals for adults

Answer 10

• Maintain energy balance
• Support muscle mass
• Emphasise micronutrients for long-term health

Question 11

What role does protein play in adult nutrition?

Answer 11

Prevents muscle loss and improves satiety

Question 12

What are some good sources of protein?

Answer 12

• Lean meat
• Fish
• Dairy
• Legumes
• Soy

Question 13

What type of carbohydrates should adults prefer?

Answer 13

Low-GI, high-fibre sources

Question 14

What is the daily fibre target for adults?

Answer 14

25–30 g/day

Question 15

What types of fats should be limited in the diet?

Answer 15

Saturated and trans fats

Question 16

What should saturated and trans fats be replaced with?

Answer 16

Unsaturated fats

Question 17

How many kilojoules does alcohol provide per gram?

Answer 17

29 kJ/g

Question 18

What are the NHMRC alcohol guidelines for adults?

Answer 18

≤10 standard drinks/week; ≤4/day

Question 19

What risks are associated with excessive alcohol consumption?

Answer 19

• Liver disease
• Cancer
• CVD
• Hypertension

Question 20

What are ‘empty calories’ in the context of alcohol?

Answer 20

Calories that contribute to energy intake without providing essential nutrients

Question 21

What is the Mediterranean Diet characterized by?

Answer 21

• Plant-based pattern
• Moderate fish and poultry
• Low red meat

Question 22

What are the health benefits associated with the Mediterranean Diet?

Answer 22

Strong evidence for reduced CVD, cancer, and depression risk

Question 23

What are the physical activity guidelines for adults?

Answer 23

• ≥150 min moderate or ≥75 min vigorous PA/week
• Strength training ≥2× per week
• Minimise sedentary time

Question 24

What factors influence food choice in the public health and work environment?

Answer 24

• Time constraints
• Shift work
• Cost
• Convenience

Question 25

What health promotion strategies can be employed in workplaces?

Answer 25

* Workplace wellness programs * Healthy canteen policies

Question 26

What are likely exam prompts related to adult nutrition?

Answer 26

* Explain energy and nutrient needs differences between genders * List dietary strategies to reduce CVD risk * Recall NHMRC alcohol recommendations * Define BMI and waist circumference cut-offs * Describe how Mediterranean diet reduces chronic disease * Discuss key nutrient concerns for adult females * Identify modifiable lifestyle factors linked to chronic disease

Question 27

What is the AMDR range for Carbohydrates (CHO)?

Answer 27

45–65% ## Footnote Fibre intake should be around 30 g.

Question 28

What is the AMDR range for Protein?

Answer 28

15–25% ## Footnote Important for maintaining lean mass.

Question 29

What is the AMDR range for Fat?

Answer 29

20–35% ## Footnote It is recommended to replace saturated fat with unsaturated fat.

Question 30

What percentage of energy should Saturated fat be limited to?

Answer 30

< 10% ## Footnote Limiting saturated fat is important to reduce cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk.

Question 31

What is the recommended limit for Added sugar intake?

Answer 31

< 10% ## Footnote Added sugar intake should be limited.

Question 32

What is the maximum recommended intake for Trans fat?

Answer 32

< 1% ## Footnote Trans fat should be avoided.

Question 33

What dietary factors are associated with Cardiovascular Disease (CVD)?

Answer 33

Saturated fat, Sodium ## Footnote Unsaturated fat and fibre are recommended dietary focuses.

Question 34

What are the dietary focuses for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM)?

Answer 34

Low Glycemic Index (GI), weight control ## Footnote High GI foods and obesity are risk factors.

Question 35

What is a dietary risk factor for Cancer?

Answer 35

Processed meat ## Footnote Increasing fruit and vegetable intake is recommended.

Question 36

What nutrient deficiencies are associated with Osteoporosis?

Answer 36

Low Calcium and Vitamin D ## Footnote Dairy intake and exercise are important for prevention.

Question 37

What BMI range indicates Overweight?

Answer 37

BMI 25–29.9 ## Footnote Overweight is associated with increased cardiovascular disease risk.

Question 38

What BMI indicates Obesity?

Answer 38

BMI ≥ 30 ## Footnote Obesity is associated with high health risks.

Question 39

What waist circumference indicates increased metabolic risk for men and women?

Answer 39

Waist M≥94 cm F≥80 cm ## Footnote Higher waist circumference is linked to metabolic risk.