vitamins

Question 1

What is the primary function of Vitamin A?

Answer 1

Vision, immunity, reproduction

Vitamin A is essential for maintaining healthy vision, supporting immune function, and aiding reproduction.

Question 2

Name three main sources of Vitamin A.

Answer 2

• Liver
• Dairy
• Eggs
• Orange vegetables

These foods are rich in Vitamin A and contribute to its intake.

Question 3

What deficiency condition is associated with Vitamin A?

Answer 3

Night blindness, xerophthalmia

These conditions result from a lack of Vitamin A.

Question 4

Which groups are at risk for Vitamin A deficiency?

Answer 4

• Low-income or developing countries
• Individuals with malabsorption (e.g., celiac, CF)
• Restrictive eaters

Certain populations are more vulnerable to Vitamin A deficiency due to dietary restrictions or health conditions.

Question 5

What is the primary function of Vitamin D?

Answer 5

Calcium absorption, bone health

Vitamin D plays a crucial role in maintaining bone integrity by promoting calcium absorption.

Question 6

List main sources of Vitamin D.

Answer 6

• Sunlight
• Fortified milk
• Fish

Sunlight exposure is a natural source, while fortified foods help increase dietary intake.

Question 7

What deficiency condition is linked to Vitamin D?

Answer 7

Rickets, osteomalacia

These conditions manifest due to inadequate Vitamin D levels, affecting bone health.

Question 8

Identify at-risk groups for Vitamin D deficiency.

Answer 8

• Elderly
• Dark-skinned individuals
• Veiled individuals
• Those with low sun exposure
• Obese individuals
• Individuals with renal disease

Various factors, including skin pigmentation and lifestyle, influence Vitamin D levels.

Question 9

What is the primary function of Vitamin E?

Answer 9

Antioxidant

Vitamin E protects cells from oxidative damage.

Question 10

Name three main sources of Vitamin E.

Answer 10

• Oils
• Nuts
• Seeds

These food sources are rich in Vitamin E and contribute significantly to dietary intake.

Question 11

What deficiency condition is associated with Vitamin E?

Answer 11

Haemolytic anaemia, neuropathy

These conditions can arise from insufficient Vitamin E levels.

Question 12

Which groups are at risk for Vitamin E deficiency?

Answer 12

• Individuals with fat-malabsorption disorders
• Premature infants

Certain health conditions can impede the absorption of Vitamin E.

Question 13

What is the primary function of Vitamin K?

Answer 13

Blood clotting

Vitamin K is vital for the synthesis of proteins required for blood coagulation.

Question 14

List main sources of Vitamin K.

Answer 14

• Leafy greens
• Gut bacteria

These sources are essential for maintaining adequate Vitamin K levels.

Question 15

What deficiency condition is linked to Vitamin K?

Answer 15

Haemorrhage, prolonged clotting

Insufficient Vitamin K can lead to serious bleeding disorders.

Question 16

Identify at-risk groups for Vitamin K deficiency.

Answer 16

• Newborns (no gut flora)
• Long-term antibiotic users
• Individuals with fat-malabsorption

Certain medical conditions and life stages increase the risk of Vitamin K deficiency.

Question 17

What is the primary function of Vitamin B1 (Thiamin)?

Answer 17

Energy metabolism (CHO)

Thiamin is crucial for carbohydrate metabolism and energy production.

Question 18

Name three main sources of Vitamin B1 (Thiamin).

Answer 18

• Wholegrains
• Pork
• Legumes

These foods are significant dietary sources of Thiamin.

Question 19

What deficiency condition is associated with Vitamin B1 (Thiamin)?

Answer 19

Beriberi, Wernicke–Korsakoff

These disorders are manifestations of Vitamin B1 deficiency.

Question 20

Which groups are at risk for Vitamin B1 (Thiamin) deficiency?

Answer 20

• Alcoholics
• Individuals on refined-carb diets
• Elderly
• Low SES

Certain lifestyles and socioeconomic factors can increase the risk of deficiency.

Question 21

What is the primary function of Vitamin B2 (Riboflavin)?

Answer 21

FAD/FMN coenzyme, energy

Riboflavin serves as a coenzyme in energy production processes.

Question 22

List main sources of Vitamin B2 (Riboflavin).

Answer 22

• Milk
• Eggs
• Grains

These foods are rich in Riboflavin and support its intake.

Question 23

What deficiency condition is linked to Vitamin B2 (Riboflavin)?

Answer 23

Ariboflavinosis (cracks, sore tongue)

This condition results from inadequate Riboflavin levels.

Question 24

Identify at-risk groups for Vitamin B2 (Riboflavin) deficiency.

Answer 24

• Elderly
• Vegans (if no dairy)
• Individuals with anorexia
• Individuals with malabsorption

Certain dietary patterns and health conditions can increase the risk of deficiency.

Question 25

What is the primary function of Vitamin B3 (Niacin)?

Answer 25

NAD/NADP coenzyme ## Footnote Niacin is essential for metabolic processes as a coenzyme.

Question 26

Name three main sources of Vitamin B3 (Niacin).

Answer 26

* Meat * Grains * Legumes ## Footnote These food sources provide adequate Niacin for the diet.

Question 27

What deficiency condition is associated with Vitamin B3 (Niacin)?

Answer 27

Pellagra (4 D’s) ## Footnote Pellagra is characterized by dermatitis, diarrhea, dementia, and death, resulting from Niacin deficiency.

Question 28

Which groups are at risk for Vitamin B3 (Niacin) deficiency?

Answer 28

* Alcoholics * Individuals on maize-based diets * Those with low-protein intake ## Footnote Certain dietary restrictions can lead to inadequate Niacin levels.

Question 29

What is the primary function of Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine)?

Answer 29

AA metabolism, neurotransmitters ## Footnote Pyridoxine is involved in amino acid metabolism and the synthesis of neurotransmitters.

Question 30

List main sources of Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine).

Answer 30

* Meat * Banana * Potatoes ## Footnote These foods are significant sources of Vitamin B6.

Question 31

What deficiency condition is linked to Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine)?

Answer 31

Dermatitis, anaemia, depression ## Footnote These conditions can occur due to Vitamin B6 deficiency.

Question 32

Identify at-risk groups for Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine) deficiency.

Answer 32

* Elderly * Alcoholics * Oral contraceptive users ## Footnote Certain demographics are more susceptible to Vitamin B6 deficiency.

Question 33

What is the primary function of Vitamin B9 (Folate)?

Answer 33

DNA synthesis, RBC formation ## Footnote Folate is crucial for DNA synthesis and red blood cell production.

Question 34

Name three main sources of Vitamin B9 (Folate).

Answer 34

* Greens * Legumes * Fortified grains ## Footnote These foods are rich in Folate and support its dietary intake.

Question 35

What deficiency condition is associated with Vitamin B9 (Folate)?

Answer 35

Megaloblastic anaemia, NTDs ## Footnote These conditions can arise from insufficient Folate levels.

Question 36

Which groups are at risk for Vitamin B9 (Folate) deficiency?

Answer 36

* Pregnant women * Alcoholics * Individuals with poor diet * Those on anticonvulsant therapy ## Footnote Certain life stages and health conditions can increase the risk of Folate deficiency.

Question 37

What is the primary function of Vitamin B12 (Cobalamin)?

Answer 37

RBCs, nerve function ## Footnote Cobalamin is essential for red blood cell formation and maintaining nerve health.

Question 38

List main sources of Vitamin B12 (Cobalamin).

Answer 38

* Animal foods only ## Footnote Vitamin B12 is primarily found in animal-derived foods.

Question 39

What deficiency condition is linked to Vitamin B12 (Cobalamin)?

Answer 39

Pernicious anaemia, neuropathy ## Footnote These conditions indicate a lack of Vitamin B12 in the body.

Question 40

Identify at-risk groups for Vitamin B12 (Cobalamin) deficiency.

Answer 40

* Vegans * Elderly (↓ intrinsic factor) * Individuals who have undergone gastric surgery ## Footnote Certain dietary restrictions and medical conditions can lead to Vitamin B12 deficiency.

Question 41

What is the primary function of Vitamin C (Ascorbic acid)?

Answer 41

Collagen, wound healing, Fe absorption ## Footnote Vitamin C is vital for collagen synthesis, aiding in wound healing and iron absorption.

Question 42

Name three main sources of Vitamin C (Ascorbic acid).

Answer 42

* Citrus * Berries * Capsicum ## Footnote These foods are rich in Vitamin C and contribute to its intake.

Question 43

What deficiency condition is associated with Vitamin C (Ascorbic acid)?

Answer 43

Scurvy (bleeding gums, poor healing) ## Footnote Scurvy is a result of inadequate Vitamin C levels.

Question 44

Which groups are at risk for Vitamin C (Ascorbic acid) deficiency?

Answer 44

* Smokers * Elderly * Restrictive eaters * Individuals on low fruit/veg diets ## Footnote Various lifestyle and dietary factors can increase the risk of Vitamin C deficiency.