Lecture 11

Question 1

What does the term design refer to in research designs

Answer 1

refers to explicit plans for doing/completing a
particular activity

Question 2

4 different research designs

Answer 2

qualitative designs
experimental
quasi-experimental and naturalistic
single case (n = 1) designs

Question 3

Independent variables

Answer 3

manipulate variables under control of researcher

Question 4

Dependent variables

Answer 4

measure/monitor outcomes

Question 5

5 steps of a randomized controlled trial

Answer 5

define population
select sample
assign to groups
administration of intervention
measurement of outcomes

Question 6

What does the simplest RCT design have

Answer 6

2 groups - an intervention group and a control group which should be similar at baseline

Question 7

Administration of intervention should be done in an ________ way

Answer 7

unbiased

Question 8

2 ways for participant assignment

Answer 8

random
matched

Question 9

Random assignment

Answer 9

assign randomly to groups (control and experimental)

Question 10

Matched assignment

Answer 10

minimizes group differences due to chance variation

Question 11

When is matched assignment especially important

Answer 11

with small n (sample size)

Question 12

When are measurements of dependent variables taken

Answer 12

before and after intervention

Question 13

Post test design doesn’t measure what?q

Answer 13

change in individual, but between control and
experimental groups

Question 14

What does the post test design assume?

Answer 14

control and experimental groups were initially identical
no change occurred in the control group

Question 15

Post test only is risky when

Answer 15

in clinical research

Question 16

When do you only use post test design

Answer 16

when pre-test impossible/unethical or would itself affect outcomes

Question 17

When do you use a factorial design

Answer 17

when you want to manipulate more than one variable

Question 18

What does a factorial design allow?

Answer 18

to investigate the separate and combined effects of independent variables on the outcome measure(s)

Question 19

Fully crossed factorial design

Answer 19

if all possible combinations

Question 20

Incomplete factorial design

Answer 20

if one or more combinations left out

Question 21

Repeated measure

Answer 21

re-use subjects to increase power and economize on
number needed

Question 22

In repeated measure what do the subjects serve as

Answer 22

their own control

Question 23

What needs to e avoided for repeated measure

Answer 23

series effect

Question 24

Other common repeated measures

Answer 24

dose, time

Question 25

Statistical analyses treat repeated measures differently than what?

Answer 25

independent groups

Question 26

What do multiple dependent variables measure

Answer 26

several different outcomes

Question 27

What is the rosenthal effect

Answer 27

transmitting expectations to experimenter/subjects

Question 28

What is the hawthorne effect

Answer 28

individuals modify their behavior in response to being observed or receiving attention