Lecture 8

Question 1

What does quantitative research use and what does it describe

Answer 1

measurement and statistical analysis to describe and
explain phenomena, or test theories

Question 2

What types of questions does quantitative research answer?

Answer 2

how much?
how often?

Question 3

What does quantitative research lack

Answer 3

depth needed to capture the full essence of human experiences

Question 4

Qualitative research is a ________ enquiry examining what?

Answer 4

disciplined
the personal meanings of individuals’ experiences and actions in the context of their social environments

Question 5

What is the aim of qualitative research

Answer 5

to immerse the researcher in the participants’ context to gain
firsthand access to personal experiences and perspectives of a
phenomenon; develop theories

Question 6

Qualitative research is often used in what sciences

Answer 6

clinical and social sciences

Question 7

When is qualitative research valuable?

Answer 7

when understanding a patient’s emotional, psychological and social context can be as important as understanding the medical symptoms

Question 8

3 steps in developing a qualitative research question

Answer 8

1. a central phenomenon
2. target participants
3. research site or context

Question 9

Purpose of strategies of inquiry

Answer 9

to guide your methodology

Question 10

5 strategies of inquiry

Answer 10

grounded theory
ethnography
narrative
phenomenology
case study

Question 11

Ground theory purpose

Answer 11

to construct a theory based on participant perspectives

Question 12

The grounded theory is _______ and ________

Answer 12

iterative and comparative

Question 13

How is data generated in the grounded theory

Answer 13

one-on-one interviews

Question 14

Purpose of ethnography

Answer 14

to understand culture or cultural groups

Question 15

What does ethnography describe and interpret

Answer 15

the behaviors, values, and beliefs of a culture

Question 16

How does ethnography generate data?

Answer 16

through observation, journal entries, interviews, art

Question 17

What does a narrative use and why?

Answer 17

stories to understand the broader social experience

Question 18

How does a narrative generate data?

Answer 18

through in-depth, unstructured interviews, observations, or
participant journals

Question 19

What is phenomenology the study of?

Answer 19

a phenomenon or concept by exploring lived experiences

Question 20

What does phenomenology believe?

Answer 20

human consciousness and lived experiences provide an avenue to
understand the nature of social reality

Question 21

How does phenomenology generate data

Answer 21

primarily through interviews, supplemented with other data
sources (e.g., diaries)

Question 22

What does phenomenology benefit from?

Answer 22

bracketing

Question 23

What is case study the study of

Answer 23

the complexity and distinctiveness of a case in a certain circumstance

Question 24

What is a case study bound by?

Answer 24

time and place

Question 25

How does a case study generate data?

Answer 25

through various sources, such as interviews, newspapers, photos, observations, etc.

Question 26

Step 1 of analyzing qualitative data

Answer 26

organize and prepare the data

Question 27

Step 2 of analyzing qualitative data

Answer 27

familiarize yourself with data

Question 28

Step 3 of analyzing qualitative data

Answer 28

code all the data

Question 29

Step 4 of analyzing qualitative data

Answer 29

generate descriptions or themes

Question 30

Step 5 of analyzing qualitative data

Answer 30

decide how to represent the findings

Question 31

Step 6 of analyzing qualitative data

Answer 31

interpret the findings

Question 32

8 ways to support quality of qualitative research

Answer 32

worthy topic rich rigor sincerity credibility resonance significant contribution ethical meaningful coherence

Question 33

worthy topic

Answer 33

topic is relevant, timely, significant, interesting

Question 34

Rich rigor

Answer 34

study uses sufficient, appropriate, complex theoretical constructs, data and time in the field, samples, contexts, detailed data generation and analysis processes

Question 35

Sincerity

Answer 35

characterized by researcher reflexivity regarding values, biases, and inclinations, and transparency about methods and challenges

Question 36

Credibility

Answer 36

rich and thick descriptions concrete details, triangulation or crystallization, multivocality, and member reflections

Question 37

Resonance

Answer 37

influences, affects, or moves readers through evocative representations, naturalistic generalizations, and transferable findings

Question 38

Significant contribution

Answer 38

offers theoretical, conceptual, practical, moral, methodological, or heuristic contributions

Question 39

Ethical

Answer 39

situational, cultural, relational, and exit procedures are ethical

Question 40

Meaningful coherence

Answer 40

achieves its purpose using methods and procedures that suit the goals; interconnects literature, research question, findings, and interpretations

Question 41

Defining features of qualitative research: The researcher is what?

Answer 41

a key instrument in the research process

Question 42

Defining features of qualitative research: researchers generate

Answer 42

data

Question 43

Defining features of qualitative research: often occurs in

Answer 43

a natural setting

Question 44

Defining features of qualitative research: requires

Answer 44

flexibility

Question 45

The researcher is not a __________ observer

Answer 45

detached

Question 46

What is valuable to help the researcher pick up on subtle clues

Answer 46

empathy

Question 47

Strong __________ or _______ hypotheses can bias the research

Answer 47

preconceptions fixed

Question 48

Because strong preconceptions or fixed hypotheses can bias the research what is a critical component

Answer 48

researcher reflexivity

Question 49

Data is created through what?

Answer 49

conversation, observation etc.

Question 50

What do detailed descriptions rely on?

Answer 50

language or visuals rather than numerical data

Question 51

"field" research refers to what?

Answer 51

conducting research in the natural environment of the phenomenon being studied

Question 52

Qualitative research is not bound by what?

Answer 52

limitations of measurement instruments

Question 53

What does flexibility of qualitative research allow

Answer 53

to adjust questions, explore new topics, or ask follow-up questions based on what emerges naturally in the setting