Lecture 4

Question 1

What is the general format of a scientific journal article?

Answer 1

Title and abstract
introduction
methods
results
discussion
references

Question 2

General format may differ for what?

Answer 2

qualitative research, theoretical papers, literature reviews

Question 3

Scientific Journal articles are generally what?

Answer 3

reviewed by experts

Question 4

What is the purpose of the title in a research publication?

Answer 4

A descriptive statement stating the exact topic of the report

Question 5

Quantitative research reports often take one of two forms which are

Answer 5

y as a function of x
the effect of x upon y

Question 6

In casual research what do x and y equal

Answer 6

y = dependent variable
x = independent variable

Question 7

For descriptive quantitative and qualitative research what does the title do?

Answer 7

informs the reader about the groups being studied and characteristics reported

Question 8

The title should be _______ but _______ of the _______ of the _________

Answer 8

concise
informative
nature
investigation

Question 9

What goes below the title

Answer 9

names of investigator(s) and affiliations

Question 10

What is the abstract

Answer 10

a short (<250 words) description of the report and gives an overview/summary

Question 11

What should the abstract provide to the reader

Answer 11

enough details to decide if it is an article of interest

Question 12

True of false: the abstract is often written last

Answer 12

True

Question 13

What should an abstract include?

Answer 13

Brief statement of previous findings
Hypothesis and/or aim of study
Methods (subjects, research design, procedures)
Short description of findings and data analysis
Conclusions and future research needs

Question 14

What 2 things should contain important key words for literature retrieval

Answer 14

title and abstract

Question 15

What does the introduction describe

Answer 15

the planning stages of research

Question 16

A good introduction sets the stage for the research question by doing what?

Answer 16

Discussing the theoretical background and relevant previous research

Question 17

What does the introduction provide

Answer 17

logical sequence in which hypotheses derived

Question 18

What does the introduction lead to?

Answer 18

leads logically to narrow/specific aims or hypotheses

Question 19

What should the final paragraph of the introduction state?

Answer 19

precise aims or hypotheses

Question 20

The methods section should inform the reader of what?

Answer 20

exactly how the study was carried out

Question 21

The methods section should be detailed enough for what?

Answer 21

for others to replicate

Question 22

What key information does the methods section provide?

Answer 22

Participants or subjects
Apparatus or tools
Procedure of the study

Question 23

In the results section, what type of data should be presented?

Answer 23

All data, not just those that support the hypothesis

Question 24

The results section draws attention to what?

Answer 24

points of interest

Question 25

What is used to present summarized and analyzed data in the results?

Answer 25

descriptive and inferential statistics

Question 26

For qualitative data what can be used in the results section

Answer 26

quotes from participants

Question 27

What is the purpose of the discussion section in a research article?

Answer 27

To restate the aims of the investigation discuss results in relation to the aims or hypotheses connect findings with previous research

Question 28

What should the conclusion section summarize?

Answer 28

Main findings and interpretations

Question 29

What should the conclusion section suggest?

Answer 29

further research options

Question 30

Example of further research suggestion

Answer 30

generalize to phenomena not directly tested

Question 31

What does the reference section provide

Answer 31

lists all literature discussed or referred to in the paper

Question 32

What does the reference section allow the reader to do?

Answer 32

retrieve and evaluate sources

Question 33

What does the appendices section provide?

Answer 33

Full descriptions of questionnaires or measuring instruments raw data or statistical calculations if required

Question 34

For the style of research publications it should avoid what?

Answer 34

long phrases or complicated sentences and personal pronouns

Question 35

For the style of research publications it should quote when?

Answer 35

only when need to convey precisely ideas of another researcher

Question 36

True or false: for style of research publications the results should be described in present tense

Answer 36

false - past tense

Question 37

What is the role of the author in publishing research?

Answer 37

Selects appropriate journal, formats the report, and submits the manuscript to the journal’s editor

Question 38

For the style of research publications it should be ________ and ________

Answer 38

concise and clear

Question 39

The value of the research is negligible if

Answer 39

it is not made public

Question 40

What is the role of the editor in the publication process?

Answer 40

selects appropriate professional or scientific journal puts report in required format sends completed manuscript to journal's editor

Question 41

The editor is generally what?

Answer 41

of high standing in scientific or professional area

Question 42

If the editor judges the article appropriate what do they do?

Answer 42

send it to 2 or more referees

Question 43

What do referees do in the peer review process?

Answer 43

Evaluate the article and recommend whether to accept it, possibly suggesting revisions

Question 44

Who makes the final decision for the article?

Answer 44

the editor

Question 45

True or False: Peer review guarantees the truth of evidence or conclusions.

Answer 45

False