Lecture 20

Question 1

What is social psychology

Answer 1

The study of immediate social context and broader cultural environment influence peoples thoughts, feelings and actions

Question 2

What does personality psychology study?

Answer 2

How stable traits influence behavior.

Question 3

What debate pits personality psychology against social psychology?

Answer 3

The person–situation debate.

Question 4

What does the person–situation debate ask?

Answer 4

Whether individual predispositions or the situational context better explain behavior.

Question 5

In reality, what explains human variability?

Answer 5

Both predispositions (personality) and situational context (social).

Question 6

How does social psychology explain differences in actions

Answer 6

People act differently in different situations.

Question 7

How does personality psychology explain behavior across situations?

Answer 7

People often act consistently across situations.

Question 8

What do core motivations influence

Answer 8

How people interact with and understand the social world

Question 9

What different motivations guide your social behavior

Answer 9

Need to belong
Need to feel control
Need to perceive ourself postitivly

Question 10

Need to belong

Answer 10

Relatedness

One that brings us together

Question 11

Need to feel control

Answer 11

Autonomy

Master of your own destiny

Question 12

Need to perceive ourselves positively

Answer 12

Competence

Question 13

3 basic pyscological needs

Answer 13

Autonomy
Relatedness
Competence

Question 14

Autonomy

Answer 14

Control

Question 15

Relatedness

Answer 15

Others care for you and you care for them

Question 16

Competence

Answer 16

Feeling that you can do things

Question 17

Intrinsic motivation

Answer 17

Intrinsic motivation is when you do something because you enjoy it or find it personally satisfying, not for rewards or pressure.

Question 18

Extrinsic motivation

Answer 18

Extrinsic motivation is when you do something because of external rewards or pressures, like grades, money, or approval — not because you enjoy it.

Question 19

What is an attribution?

Answer 19

A causal explanation for an event, action, or outcome.

Question 20

What is an external attribution?

Answer 20

Explaining behavior by situational factors.

Question 21

Q: What is an internal attribution?

Answer 21

Explaining behavior by personal traits or character.

Question 22

Do we make attributions slowly or quickly?

Answer 22

Both — we make them automatically and quickly, and also carefully after deliberation.

Question 23

What is an attitude?

Answer 23

Your orientation toward a target stimulus that informs your choices and decisions.

Question 24

What are the three components of attitude?
A:

Answer 24

1. Affective feeling (positive or negative)
2. Cognitive belief
3. Behavioural motivation (approach vs. avoid)

Question 25

What does “affective component” of attitude mean?

Answer 25

Your emotional reaction to something (how you feel about it).

Question 26

What does “affective component” of attitude mean?

Answer 26

Your emotional reaction to something (how you feel about it).

Question 27

What does “cognitive component” of attitude mean?

Answer 27

Your thoughts or beliefs about the stimulus

Question 28

What does “behavioural component” mean?

Answer 28

Your motivation to act toward or away from the stimulus (approach vs. avoid).

Question 29

When are attitude most likely to predict behavior

Answer 29

When they are about specific issues When we are certain about them and they apply to situations with which we have experience

Question 30

What is Ed Deci’s fundamental question?

Answer 30

Why do people stop pursuing activities that used to feel highly self-rewarding?

Question 31

Why do people stop pursing activitys that formerly seemed to be highly self rewarding

Answer 31

People often stop enjoying activities they once loved because external pressures replace internal motivation. This is called the overjustification effect.

Question 32

Q: What is the overjustification effect?

Answer 32

When external incentives (rewards or punishments) cause a decrease in intrinsic motivation for a task.

Question 33

What happens when rewards are added to an activity someone already enjoys?

Answer 33

The person’s motivation shifts from intrinsic to extrinsic, reducing natural enjoyment.

Question 34

What is the key idea of the overjustification effect?

Answer 34

External rewards can undermine a person’s natural (intrinsic) drive.

Question 35

Why does the overjustification effect matter for schools and workplaces?

Answer 35

Because too many external rewards can reduce interest, creativity, and long-term motivation.

Question 36

What does the overjustification effect show about motivation?

Answer 36

That supporting intrinsic motivation is important for lasting engagement.

Question 37

What does Cognitive Evaluation Theory explain?

Answer 37

How external events (rewards, feedback, pressure) influence intrinsic motivation.

Question 38

According to CET, what increases intrinsic motivation?

Answer 38

High perceived autonomy and perceived competence.

Question 39

What are the two main factors CET says intrinsic motivation varies with?

Answer 39

Perceived autonomy 2. Perceived competence

Question 40

What are the three ways external events can be interpreted in CET?

Answer 40

Informational 2. Controlling 3. Amotivating

Question 41

What happens when an external event feels informational?

Answer 41

It boosts competence and increases intrinsic motivation.

Question 42

What happens when an external event feels controlling?

Answer 42

It reduces autonomy and lowers intrinsic motivation.

Question 43

What happens when an external event feels amotivating?

Answer 43

It lowers competence and control → kills motivation entirely.