What is the relation between our mind and reality?
Mind constructs world out of sensory signals. we truley dont know
who fouded structuralism
Wilhelm Wundt
Wilhelm Wundt
a physiologist who believed that psychology is a discipline studying the conscious experience
structustralsim core concept
Psychology as self-observation and analysis of conscious experience
strucuralism key charatersists
Viewed consciousness as composed of basic mental elements
Used introspection as primary research method
Attempted to break down mental states into fundamental sensations and feeling
who founded functiknalism
william james
William James
Professor of anatomy and physiology at Harvard. He wrote the textbook Principles of Psychology, and he established functionalism, opposing structuralism. He was inspired by Darwin’s view and his way of thinking
functionalism core concept
Focus on the purpose and utility of behavior
functionalism characteristic
Described consciousness as a “stream of thought”
Influenced by Darwin’s theory of natural selection
Investigated adaptive behaviors and mental processes
whatg does functionalism argue
That psychology should investigate the functions or purpose of consciousness, rather than its structure
who founded behaviorism
John B. Watson
John B. Watson
He shifted the focus of psychology away from philosophy and towards biology. He said the psychology’s theoretical is the prediction and control of behavior.
Behaviourist Manifesto
Psychology is not the science of mental life but the science of behavior. The goal of psychology should be to predict and control behavior.
structuralism
the theory that conceives of all cultural phenomena as sign systems, operating according to the rules of a deep structure
functionalism
a sociological perspective that views society as made up of different parts or institutions that fit together
behaviorism
a branch of psychology that focuses on how people learn through their interactions with the environment.
behaviorism key principles
Rejected introspection
Focused on observable behavior
Aimed to predict and control behavior
No qualitative distinction between human and animal behavior
who founded gestalt psych
Max Wertheimer
gestalt psyc
a school of thought emphasizing that the mind perceives wholes or patterns rather than isolated parts
gestalt psyc key concepts
Emphasized perception of whole forms
Introduced Gestalt principles of perception
Studied optical illusions like the phi phenomenon
Psycho-Physiological Model
Psychological experiences can be explained in terms of physical and biochemical processes.
Psychodynamic Model
All behaviour can be explained in terms of drives or other intrapsychological forces. Human behavior comes inherently, biologically inflexible drives and reflexes
Psycho-Physiological Model core assumption
Psychological phenomena can be explained through physical and biochemical processes
Psycho-Physiological Model key c haracteristcs
Reductionist approach
Explores relationship between behavior and nervous system
Behavior explained by physiological structures
