Unit 2: Pharm: Chapter 57

Question 1

Drugs for GERD/Peptic Ulcer Disease

Answer 1

Work to decrease Gi secretory activity, block actions of GI secretions, or form protective coverings on the GI lining to prevent erosion from GI secretions.
Histamine-2 (H2) antagonist
Antacids

Question 2

Histamine-2 Antagonists

Answer 2

block the release of hydrochloric acid in response to gastrin.
Block H2 receptors located on the parietal cells. Blocking these receptors prevents about 70% of the hydrochloric acid release from the parietal cells.
This action also decreases pepsin production by the chief cells.

Question 3

Antacids

Answer 3

Are a group of inorganic chemicals that neutralize stomach acid.
Neutralize stomach acid by direct chemical reaction.

Question 4

Antiacids Contraindications

Answer 4

Any condition that can be exacerbated by electrolyte or acid–base imbalance, to prevent exacerbations and serious adverse effects; any electrolyte imbalance, which could be exacerbated by the electrolyte-changing effects of these drugs
Gi Obstruction which can cause absorption issues
Renal dysfunction

Question 5

Antacids Adverse Effects

Answer 5

Drugs relate to their effects on acid–base and electrolyte balance.
Administering an antacid frequently causes acid rebound, in which the stomach produces more acid in response to the alkaline environment.

Question 6

Proton Pump Inhibitors

Answer 6

suppress the secretion of hydrochloric acid into the lumen of the stomach.

suppress gastric acid secretion by specifically inhibiting the hydrogen–potassium adenosine triphosphatase (H+, K+–ATPase) enzyme system on the secretory surface of gastric parietal cells. This action blocks the final step of acid production, lowering the acid levels in the stomach

Question 7

Proton Pump Inhibitors Drug to Drug Interactions

Answer 7

There is a risk of increased serum levels and increased toxicity of benzodiazepines, phenytoin, and warfarin if these are combined with these drugs; patients should be monitored closely.

Question 8

Gastrointestinal Protectant

Answer 8

coat any injured area in the stomach to prevent further injury from acid.
Forms an ulcer-adherent complex at duodenal ulcer sites, protecting the sites against acid, pepsin, and bile salts.
This action prevents further breakdown of the area and promotes ulcer healing.
Also inhibits pepsin activity in gastric juices, preventing further breakdown of proteins in the stomach, including the protein wall of the stomach

Question 9

Gastrointestinal Protectant Adverse Effects

Answer 9

Associated primarily related to its GI effects. Constipation is the most frequent.
Diarrhea, nausea, indigestion, gastric discomfort, and dry mouth may also occur.
Others include: dizziness, sleepiness, vertigo, skin rash, and back pain.

Question 10

Prostaglandins

Answer 10

Are used to protect the stomach lining.
Inhibits gastric acid secretion and increases bicarbonate and mucus production in the stomach, thus protecting the stomach lining.

Question 11

Prostaglandins Contraindications

Answer 11

Misoprostol is contraindicated with allergy to any part of the drug to prevent hypersensitivity reactions.
Contraindicated during pregnancy as induce labor and may cause uterine rupture.
Patients who can become pregnant should be advised to have a negative serum pregnancy test within 2 weeks of beginning treatment, and they should begin the drug on the 2nd or 3rd day of their next menstrual cycle.
Use contraceptives during therapy

Question 12

Digestive Enzymes

Answer 12

Substances produced in the GI tract to break down foods into usable nutrients.

Saliva substitute contains electrolytes and carboxymethylcellulose to act as a thickening agent in dry mouth conditions. This makes the food bolus easier to swallow and begins the early digestion process.
Helps with dry mouth.

Question 13

Conditions involving Gastrointestinal Secretions

Answer 13

GERD: causes by acid fromt he stomach moving back into esophagus
Peptic Ulcers: erosion in the upper GI tract (from NSAIDs)
Digestive Enzyme Dysfunction: supple,ent needle to produce digestive enzymes. Seen in patients with stoke, head or neck injury.