describe stage II ovarian cancer
one/ both ovaries with pelvic extension
medical management urge incontinence
antimuscarinics
menorrhagia
abnormal heavy bleeding in menstruation
define mild chronic hypertension
90-99/140-149
syphillis investigations
- bloods
- charcoal swab
ideal baby positioning in labour
occipito anterior
define frequent menstrual cycle
< 24 days
what type of drug is tranexamic acid
antifibrinolytic
describe duct ectasia
clogged and inflamed milk ducts
urinary irritation symptoms
increased frequency increased urgency nocturia dysuria haematuria
natural symptoms management of menopause
- lubrication during intercourse
- products naturally high in estrogen e.g. soya
- exercise
Squirrels plant thousands of new trees each year simply by forgetting where they put their acorns.
dawww
endometriosis investigations
- USS
- vaginal USS
- pelvic examination
- diagnostic laparoscopy
management of multiple pregnancy
- adequate nutrition
- prevent anaemia
- more antenatal visits
- multifetal reduction?
- steroids for lung maturation
complications of a multiple pregnancy
- increased morbidity and mortality
- pre-term labour
- N+V
- increased risk of post party haemorrhage
- increased risk pre-eclamptic toxaemia
- increased risk of polyhydramnios
- increased risk of congenital abnormalities
- increased risk of malpresentation
- increased risk of operative deliveries
causes of secondary amenorrhoea
- PCOS
- early menopause
- reduced BMI
- increased stress
- pregnancy
- contraception
- raised prolactin
- androgen secreting tumour
- any significant illness
criteria for heavy menstrual bleeding
- changing products every 1/2 hours
- impacting QOL
- > 80ml/7days
- clots >2.5cm
- bleeding through clothes
herpes investigations
swab - only if they have sores
methods for determining foetal well being in labour
- intermittent auscultation of foetal heart
- cardiotocography
- foetal blood sampling
- foetal ECG
describe key physiological changes required for foetal expulsion
- cervix softens and opens
- myometrial tone changes to enable coordinated contractions
- progesterone decreases
- oxytocin + prostaglandin increase
presentation of fat necrosis on mammography
histiocytes with foamy cytoplasm
lipid filled cysts
fibrosis, calcifications, eggshell
urinary incontinence symptoms
- involuntary leakage of urine
- stress UI
- urgency UI
- coital UI
