congenital heart diseases associated with congenital rubella syndrome
patent ductus arteriosus
pulmonary artery stenosis
shoulder dystocia management
- discourage pushing
- call for help
- MacRoberts manoeuvre
- suprapubic pressure
- cleidotomy
- symphysiotomy
pregnancy hormones with anti-insulin action
- cortisol
- human chorionic gonadotrophin
- prednisone
- human placental lactogen
describe key physiological changes required for foetal expulsion
- softening of cervix
- myocetrial tone changes to enable coordinated contractions
- progesterone decreases
- oxytocin + prostaglandins increase
medical management of endometriosis
- COC
- POP
- mirena
- dept provera
- GnRH analogues
erythrasma
superficial skin infection causing brown, scaly skin patches
management of lichen sclerosis
prescription steroid cream
describe cephlopelvic disproportion
foetal head in correct position for labour but too large to negotiate maternal pelvis
what is assessed to determine progress of labour
- cervical effacement
- cervical dilation
- foetal head engagement
clinical types of placental abruption
- revealed
- concealed
- mixed
management of pre-term labour
- monitoring
- steroids
- transfer to unit with NICU
- aim for vaginal delivery
describe the use of combined hormonal contraception in ring form
- lasts for 3 weeks
- can be removed for 3/24
when can levongestrel pill be taken as emergency contraception
<72 hours
vaginal symptoms pelvic organ prolapse
- difficulty/ pain having intercourse
- palpable mass
- feeling of pressure
- heaviness
- difficulty inserting tampon
management of infertility
- weight loss/ gain
- investigations
- comifene
- gonadotrophin
- IVF
presentation of fat necrosis on mammography
histiocytes with foamy cytoplasm
lipid filled cysts
fibrosis, calcifications, eggshell
describe complete miscarriage
- closed cervix
- bleeding stopped
- all productions of conception expelled
medical management of endometriosis
- COC
- POP
- mirena coil
- dept provera
- GnRH analogues
define severe chronic hypotension
> 110/ >160
active management third stage of labour
oxytocin
surgery
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main causes of primary post partum haemorrhage
4Ts
- tone
- thrombin
- trauma
- tissue
