first form of milk produced by mammary glands immediately following delivery of newborn
colostum
describe missed miscarriage (early fetal demise)
- no symptoms/ dark blood
- gestational sac seen on screen
- no clear fetus
what is required for confirmed diagnosis PCOS
2/3 of:
- USS showing cysts
- biochemical hyperandrogenism
- clinical hyperandrogenism
presentation Tay-Sachs
- baby usually develops normally for 6 months
- progressive neurological degeneration
- usually fatal 3-5 years
presentation threatened miscarriage
- vaginal bleeding +/- pain
- viable pregnancy
- closed cervix
what is the worlds roundest country?
Sierra Leone
management latent first stage of labour
- try to get them to stay at home
- maintains oxytocin
- uncomfortable contractions
when is home abortion still an option
<10 weeks
healthy
when is shoulder dystocia more likely to occur
- previous SD
- big babies
- > 30 BMI
- induced labour
- long labour
- assisted vaginal birth
what score is used to clinically assess a cervix
Bishops score
define endometriosis
endometrial tissue present outside of lining of uterus
impact of breast feeding on mothers
- improved relationship
- reduced risk of breast and ovarian cancer
- reduced risk of hip fractures and heart disease
why do insulin requirements increase during pregnancy
human placental lactogen progesterone human chorionic gonadotrophin cortisol all have anti-insulin actions
management of penile pearly papules and coronal papillae
they are harmless/ normal so don’t touch
describe ecchymosis
discolouration of skin resulting from bleeding underneath, typically caused by bruising
presentation pre-eclampsia
- headache
- blurred vision
- epigastric pain
- pain below ribs
- vomitting
- sudden swelling of hands/ face/ legs
define group II ovulation disorders
hypothalamic-pituitary ovarian dysfunction
surgical management ectopic pregnancy
- salpingectomy
- salpingotomy
presentation acute chorioamnionitis
- fever
- raised neutrophils in blood
define cystocele
prolapse of upper anterior vaginal wall involving bladder
clinical signs PCOS
- increased testosterone
- increased prolactin
- raised luteinising hormone
- decreased sHBG (sex hormone binding globulin)
define premature menopause
<40years/old
