explain APGAR score
appearance pulse grimace activity respiration
anti-hypertensives ideal for use in pregnancy
- labetolol
- nifedipine
- methyldopa
management of infertility females
- weight loss/ gain
- clomifene
- gonadotrophins
- IVF
clomiphene
used to induce ovulation (egg production) in women who do not produce ova (eggs) but wish to become pregnant
describe how conjoined twins arise
fertilised ova cleaves >12 days
define varicocele
- dilation of pampiniform plexus of spermatic veins in the scrotum
bladder storage nerve supply and innervation type
sympathetic
T10-12
affect human chorionic gonadotrophin on insulin
anti-insulin
management of overactive bladder syndrome
- antimuscarinincs
- TCA
- neuromodulation
- botox
define secondary amenorrhoea
absence of periods >6 months (12 if previous irregular periods/ normally >6weeks between)
presentation opiate use in pregnancy baby when born
withdrawal
reduced resp rate
define concealed haemorrhage
haemorrhage occurring between placenta and uterine wall causing uterine contents to increase in volume
syphilis investigations
- blood sample
- charcoal swab
management of herpes
- most clear up on their own
- aciclovir
define acute chorioamionitis
neutrophils present in membranes, cord and fatal plate of placenta
management of bacterial vaginosis
metronidazole or clindamycin
presentation of lichen sclerosis
patches on skin which are usually:
- itchy
- white
- smooth or crinkled
- easily damaged
what happens in medium chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency
can’t easily break down fat for energy
25% mortality
describe type 1 endometrial cancer
- commonest
- endometriosis adenocarcinoma
- obese women
- younger
- hyperplasia
purpose of first trimester USS (11-14)
- gestational age
- diagnose miscarriage
- identify multiple pregnancy
- exclude other abnormalities e.g. ectopic
- detect major structural abnormalities
potential causes vulvovaginitis
- poor personal hygiene
- lack of oestrogen
- chemical irritation
A group of hedgehogs is called a prickle
spikey bois
