When does dystrophic calcification occur?
In necrotic, injured, dead tissues with normal Ca levels in the blood
What is extracellular dystrophic calcification?
Ca2+ comes from dying cells nearby
What is intracellular dystrophic calcification?
Begins in the mitochondria of dying cells that are no longer able to regulate intracellular Ca2+
How is calcium phosphate generated?
Membrane bound phosphatase cleaves phospholipids into phosphate groups, which bind Ca2+
“Result” of dystrophic calcification?
formation of crystaline calcium phosphate
Where can we find dystrophic calcification? (5)
- calcific aortic stenosis
- artificial valves
- artherosclerosis
- infectious diseases
- within neoplasms
What is calcific aortic stenosis?
age associated degeneration, especially of the valves, due to mechanical stress during life
Factors which increase risk of aortic stenosis (2)
- congenital bicuspid valves
- age
Clinical symptoms of calcific aortic stenosis (2)
- hypertension
- relative ischemia of the LV
Infectious diseases that cause calcific aortic stenosis
- tuberculosis
- michaelis-gutmann bodies (malakoplakia)
What are michaelis-gutmann bodies?
calcium and iron phagocyted by macrophages
What are psammon bodies?
concentric calcified structures found in thyroid and ovarian cancers
Dystrophic calcification in neoplasms (3)
- myoma petrificans
- psammon bodies
- breast ductal carcinoma
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