A/28

Question 1

What is edema?

Answer 1

fluid accumulations within the interstitial spaces or body cavities

Question 2

What are the 2 types of edema fluid?

Answer 2

• transudate (protein poor)

- exudate (protein rich)

Question 3

Pathomechanism for edema

Answer 3

Unbalanced Starling forces cause fluid leakage that is too big for the lymphatic drainage, which causes edema

Question 4

Causes for edema

Answer 4

• increased hydrostatic pressure
• local impaired venous return
• reduced plasma oncotic pressure
• impaired lymphatic drainage
• inflammation

Question 5

What can increase hydrostatic pressure?

Answer 5

• renal failure (retention)

- congestive heart faillure

Question 6

What can cause reduced plasma oncotic pressure?

Answer 6

Conditions which decrease albumin / protein concentration (like malnutrition)

Question 7

How does inflammation cause edema?

Answer 7

it increases permeability

Question 8

Clinical forms of edema (5)

Answer 8

• cardiac
• pulmonary
• renal
• lymphodema
• cerebral

Question 9

What causes lymphodema?

Answer 9

obstructions or removal or lymph nodes (like in breast cancer)