A/57

Question 1

Where does rhinovirus replicate and why?

Answer 1

Upper respiratory tract due to lower temperatures

Question 2

Mechanisms of viral injury (3)

Answer 2

• Directly cause cell death
• Release toxins
• Induce host cell immune response

Question 3

How do bacteria enter the cell?

Answer 3

• coat cell with Ab / complements and use host immune responses
• use type III secretion system

Question 4

What does lipid A bind to on leukocytes?

Answer 4

On CD14 and then complex binds to toll like receptor 4

Question 5

Injurious effects of host immune response (4)

Answer 5

• Granulomatosis reaction to m. tuberculosis
• liver damage from HBV and HCV
• Glomerulonephritis
• Can cause cancers due to chronic inflammation